化学融雪剂对土壤微生物活性及氮转化的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0333

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 化学融雪剂可降低土壤冰点，增强营养元素的水溶性并促进土壤微生物活性，同时化学融雪剂中的盐离子含量也可能抑制微生物活性，但化学融雪剂对路域土壤生态功能的影响却鲜有报道，特别是土壤微生物区系的活性及其对氮转化的影响特征研究。针对沈阳市主要土壤类型棕壤，施加w为0.1%~0.6%不同浓度复合型化学融雪剂进行室内模拟试验，研究了融雪剂对土壤微生物活性及土壤氮转化过程的影响。结果表明，随化学融雪剂浓度的增加，土壤微生物生物量碳、生物量氮、土壤基础呼吸、土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性、土壤矿化作用和硝化作用均受到不同程度的抑制，当化学融雪剂质量浓度高于0.5%时，土壤微生物生物量碳、土壤基础呼吸、土壤脲酶活性、土壤矿化作用和硝化作用的抑制程度与对照相比差异显著。土壤中微生物生物量C/N比与化学融雪剂处理浓度之间呈极显著负相关性（r=-0.963，P<0.01），暗示过量施用化学融雪剂导致微生物氮胁迫增强。微生物代谢熵（q_CO₂）的增加表明化学融雪剂对土壤微生物的胁迫作用随处理浓度的增加而增大。微生物生物量碳与土壤脲酶、累积矿化量和累积硝化量显著相关，表明化学融雪剂中的盐离子含量对土壤微生物生物量和微生物活性变化的影响可能是导致化学融雪剂抑制土壤氮转化的重要因素。

关键词: 化学融雪剂, 微生物生物量, 土壤基础呼吸, 土壤酶, 矿化作用, 硝化作用

Abstract: Large quantities of deicing salts are used as a dominant way to keep road safety during the winter seasons. In many studies the effects of deicing salts on roadside soil environment, especially the potential disruption effects of deicing salts on the biochemical properties and nitrogen cycle of soil have been largely ignored. This research aimed to find correlations between the effects of 0.1%-0.6% deicing salts contaminants on microbial activity and nitrogen transformations of roadside brown soils in Shenyang. The results show a significant negative exponential relationship between the concentrations of deicing salts and soil microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N, soil basal respiration, urease and catalase activity, soil mineralization and nitrification, especially under the stress of 0.5% deicing salts per dry weight of soil. Soil microbial biomass C, soil basal respiration, urease enzyme activiy, the content of mineralizable N and nitrate N growth were inhibited significantly by the stress of 0.5% deicing salts compared with control. The C/N ratio of soil microbial biomass tended to be lower in soils with higher salinity, reflecting the bacterial dominance in microbial biomass of saline soils. Increased value of metabolic quotients (q_CO₂) show that microbial community was apparently under stress. The positive relationship between microbial biomass and the content of urease enzyme, mineralizable N and nitrate N indicate that the remarkable influence of deicing salts on the activity and community structure of soil microorganisms, which could induce the decrease of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in the soils.

Key words: deicing salts, microbial biomass, soil basal respiration, soil enzyme, mineralization, nitrification

中图分类号:

X131

张营, 李法云, 孙婷婷, 张国徽, 程志辉, 李霞. 化学融雪剂对土壤微生物活性及氮转化的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(2): 249-256.

ZHANG Ying, LI Fa-yun, SUN Ting-ting, ZHANG Guo-hui, CHENG Zhi-hui, LI Xia. Effect of Deicing Salts on Microbial Activity and Nitrogen Transformation in Roadside Soil[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(2): 249-256.

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