模拟增温和酸雨对水稻土酶活性及温度敏感性的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.12.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤酶是土壤生态系统物质循环和能量流动的积极参与者，全球温度、酸雨强度可能是同时变化的，研究土壤酶在增温和酸雨背景下的变异规律具有重要意义。以水稻土为研究对象，通过室内培养实验，设置2种温度梯度（25和30℃）和2种降水pH值水平（pH 5.0和pH 6.7），研究了模拟增温和酸雨对水稻土酶活性的影响以及土壤酶温度敏感性指数（Q₁₀）。结果表明：（1）去离子水（pH 6.7）条件下，增温（30℃）处理土壤转化酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性比常温（25℃）处理平均升高13.37%、13.57%、6.14%和17.60%；土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性平均降低3.25%和12.89%。常温条件下，酸雨（pH 5.0）处理土壤转化酶、蛋白酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性比去离子水处理平均升高22.91%、7.65%、38.24%和69.98%，纤维素酶和淀粉酶活性平均降低35.73%和19.63%。（2）增温和酸雨的交互作用对土壤转化酶、纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶活性有显著影响，而对淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脲酶活性则无显著影响。（3）不同种类土壤酶Q₁₀不同，转化酶对温度变化敏感，淀粉酶则不敏感。酸雨处理下，转化酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶和脲酶的Q₁₀降低，过氧化氢酶的Q₁₀升高，淀粉酶的Q₁₀变化不大。（4）短期内增温和酸雨都提高了土壤酶综合活性，增温酸雨处理土壤酶综合活性最高。这可能意味着气候变暖和短期低浓度酸雨可以提高土壤酶活性，加速土壤物质循环。

关键词: 土壤酶, 增温, 酸雨, 水稻土

Abstract:

Enzymes are considered a key category of components of soil. Global warming and intensifying acid rain may occur simultaneously. It is of great significance to study soil enzyme activity as affected by elevated temperature and intensified acid rain. Effects of warming and acid rain on soil enzyme in activity and sensitivity to temperature (Q₁₀) of various enzymes in paddy soil were investigated. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted and designed to have two levels of temperature, 25 and 30℃ and two levels of acid rain in pH, pH 5.0 and pH 6.7. Results show that:(1) Under the simulated normal rain of pH 6.7, warming (30℃) increased the mean activity of soil invertase, cellulase, amylase, and protease by 13.37%, 13.57%, 6.14%, and 17.60%, respectively, but decreased the mean activity of urease and catalase by 3.25% and 12.89%, respectively as compared with 25℃. When temperature was kept at 25℃, acid rain (pH 5.0) increased the mean activity of soil invertase, protease, urease, and catalase by 22.91%, 7.65%, 38.24% and 69.98%, respectively, but decreased that of cellulase and amylase activities by 35.73% and 19.63%, respectively. (2) The effect of the interaction between warming and acid rain was significant on invertase, cellulase, and catalase activities, but not so on amylase, protease, and urease. (3) Soil enzymes varied in Q₁₀. Invertase was sensitive to changes in temperature, while amylase was not. Under acid rain, invertase, cellulase, protease, and urease declined in Q₁₀, while catalase rose in Q₁₀ and amylase was almost unaffected. (4) In a short period of time both elevated temperature and acid rain increased the integrated activity of the soil enzymes. In the soil under both elevated temperature and acid rain, the rise was the biggest, which suggests that both global warming and a short-term of acid rain low in concentration may enhance soil enzyme activity and hence accelerate recycling of soil matter.

Key words: soil enzyme, elevated temperature, acid rain, paddy soil

中图分类号:

S154.1

韩玮, 孙晨曦, 苏敬. 模拟增温和酸雨对水稻土酶活性及温度敏感性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(12): 1117-1124.

HAN Wei, SUN Chen-xi, SU Jing. Effects of Elevated Temperature and Simulated Acid Rain on Enzyme Activity and Temperature Sensitivity of Paddy Soil[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(12): 1117-1124.

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