FeCl3活化的麦秸活性炭对水中硝酸根的去除

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0348

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为获得硝酸根吸附能力高的麦秸活性炭，用FeCl₃溶液作为活化剂，制得负载铁氧化物的麦秸活性炭，并利用响应面回归分析方法优化制备条件。结果表明：炭化温度527℃、FeCl₃添加质量比92.5%为最佳制备条件，制备的麦秸活性炭（FAC）吸附能力高于同温度下未添加FeCl₃的麦秸生物炭（WBC）。FAC中铁元素含量、BET比表面积和孔体积都大于WBC，其对N₂的吸附等温线类型介于Ⅱ型与Ⅳ型之间。FAC孔隙中包含大量的缝形孔，且负载多种铁氧化物成分，饱和磁化强度为4.12 emu·g^-1，具有良好的磁响应性。FAC的Langmuir氮最大吸附量为14.68 mg·g^-1（以NO₃^-计为65.01 mg·g^-1），吸附量随溶液pH值的升高而降低。溶液中硝酸根的去除率随FAC量的增加可达90%左右，吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。FAC可用于水体中硝酸根离子的吸附去除，且水体中应用磁选方式分离方便。该研究可为农业废弃物秸秆的综合利用及水体中硝酸根的去除提供理论基础。

关键词: 小麦秸秆, 活性炭, FeCl₃活化, 响应面回归, 吸附硝酸根

Abstract: Wheat straw activated carbon (AC) coated with iron oxide (FeCl₃ solution) as activator was prepared to obtain strong nitrate adsorption capacity, and response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the optimal preparation condition for AC to have maximized adsorption capacity. According to RSM, the optimal condition is 527 ℃ of carbonization temperature and 92.5% of chemical weight ratio (FeCl₃/wheat straw). The adsorption capacity of FAC, prepared at the optimal condition was higher than that of wheat straw bio-char (WBC) prepared at the same condition without chemical activation. Plenty of pores with varying sizes were developed at the surface of FAC because of FeCl₃ activation. The surface of FAC had more iron content, the specific surface area and pore volume increased, and a large amount of iron oxide was introduced into the FAC pores, and the saturation magnetization value was 4.12 emu·g^-1 with good magnetic responds. The N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm would become combination of types Ⅱ and IV with an adsorption hysteresis loop and contains a large number of pores that like the narrow slot. The pore structures of WBC and FAC were mainly micropore and mesopore and the pore volume of FAC was larger than that of WBC. With the increase of the nitrogen concentration, the amount of nitrogen adsorbed onto FAC was rising rapidly, the Langmuir maximum nitrogen adsorption capacity of FAC was 14.68 mg·g^-1 (65.01 mg·g^-1 for NO₃^- ions). Nitrate adsorption capacity decreased with an increase in pH. With the increase of FAC content, the removal rate of nitrate increased to about 90%. The nitrate uptake was rapid in the beginning and followed by a slower removal that gradually reached a plateau, and this equilibrium was established after 120 min. The Kinetic studies showed that a pseudo second-order rate equation fit the experimental data well. Therefore, FAC could be used for nitrate removal from water and be separated from water readily by using magnetic separation, providing a method to improve the ecological environment (crop straw using and water pollutant removing efficiently).

Key words: wheat straw, activated carbon, FeCl₃ activation, response surface methodology, nitrate removal

中图分类号:

X712

李际会, 魏萍, 李宝强, 国金义, 李静, 杨宝山, 宋吉青. FeCl₃活化的麦秸活性炭对水中硝酸根的去除[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(2): 224-233.

LI Ji-hui, WEI Ping, LI Bao-qiang, GUO Jin-yi, LI Jing, YANG Bao-shan, SONG Ji-qing. Nitrate Removal from Water by Activated Carbon Derived from Wheat Straw with FeCl₃ Activation[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(2): 224-233.

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FeCl₃活化的麦秸活性炭对水中硝酸根的去除

Nitrate Removal from Water by Activated Carbon Derived from Wheat Straw with FeCl₃ Activation

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