钱江源国家公园黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons)生境适宜性评价及廊道设计

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0822

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 黑麂（Muntiacus crinifrons）是国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物，由于人类活动干扰致使其栖息地破碎化，进而威胁黑麂种群生存。因此，识别黑麂适宜生境关键区，构建破碎栖息地之间的生境廊道显得尤为重要。以钱江源国家公园为研究区域，基于黑麂分布点位数据和环境数据，通过MaxEnt模型评价黑麂的生境适宜性，利用Linkage Mapper廊道设计模型和最小累积阻力模型（minimum cumulative resistance model， MCR）设计黑麂生境廊道。结果表明，训练集和验证集受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）与横坐标围成的面积（AUC值）分别为0.959和0.943，MaxEnt模型结果达到优秀水平；黑麂适宜生境面积为44.78 km²，仅占国家公园总面积的17.8%；影响黑麂生境分布的主要环境因子为距阔叶林距离（29.4%）、海拔（19.2%）和距水源距离（15.2%）；在选取的黑麂适宜生境关键区设计了3条黑麂潜在生境廊道，主要位于里秧田村、田畈村、库坑村及霞川村，廊道最小宽度设置为766 m，廊道总长度为12.70 km。该研究结果可为黑麂保护提供科学依据。

关键词: 黑麂, MaxEnt模型, 生境适宜性, 生境廊道, 钱江源国家公园

Abstract: Muntiacus crinifrons, the national first-class protected animal, whose habitat has been destroyed, is now in danger due to human disturbance. Therefore, it is very important to identify the key areas of suitable habitat for Muntiacus crinifrons and construct habitat corridors among the broken habitats. This paper took Qianjiangyuan National Park as the research area, based on the data from distribution point and environmental variables of Muntiacus crinifrons. The habitat suitability of Muntiacus crinifrons was evaluated by MaxEnt model. The corridor was designed with Linkage Mapper corridor design model and minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR). Results show that the accuracy of MaxEnt model is excellent in predicting the potential habitat, with an AUC value of 0.959 and 0.943 for model training and testing. The suitable habitat area is 44.78 km², which only accounts for 17.8% of the total area of national park. The main environmental factors that affect the habitat distribution are the distance from broad-leaved forest (29.4%), as well as that from water source (15.2%) and the altitude (19.2%). Three potential habitat corridors are designed in the selected key areas, which are mainly located in Liyangtian village, Tianfan village, Kukeng village and Xiachuan village. The minimum width of the corridor is 766 m and the total length is 12.70 km, which provides scientific basis for the protection of Muntiacus crinifrons.

Key words: Muntiacus crinifrons, maximum entropy model (MaxEnt), habitat suitability, habitat corridor, Qianjiangyuan National Park

中图分类号:

Q958.1

李琼雯, 李双, 曹铭昌, 徐海根. 钱江源国家公园黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons)生境适宜性评价及廊道设计[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(6): 778-785.

LI Qiong-wen, LI Shuang, CAO Ming-chang, XU Hai-gen. Habitat Suitability Evaluation and Corridor Design of Muntiacus crinifrons in Qianjiangyuan National Park[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(6): 778-785.

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