中国医疗废物管理现状及制度完善研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0828

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 医疗废物管理事关公共卫生安全和传染病疫情防控大局。该研究基于我国医疗废物产生及处理处置现状统计数据，结合我国医疗废物管理政策与实践，提出当前医疗废物管理主要存在的统计口径不一、信息化管理不足、自行处置配套标准缺失、无害化利用研究不足、供给与处置能力不匹配、处置设施分布不平衡等问题。最后结合疫情新形势对医疗废物处理处置影响，针对制度配套、流程衔接、落实执行、监督管理、布局优化等多方面提出相应展望。建议国家有关部门和地方多管齐下，及时更新完善现有管理制度，加大缺失配套标准研制力量的投入力度，加强输液瓶（袋）回收利用路径研究，通过实行医疗废物分类分流管理、集中处置与应急处置方式并举、城市与乡村问题同步推进、建立高效供需对接平台等方式，优化医疗废物处置设施建设布局，实现医疗废物信息化管理互联互通，完善信息统计路径，进一步统筹推进城乡医疗废物治理现代化体系建立，推动形成多方联动的信息化监管执法工作格局，坚决守牢民生安全防线。

关键词: 公共卫生, 医疗废物, 处置能力, 环境管理

Abstract: Medical waste management is related to the overall situation of public health safety and epidemic prevention and control. Based on the statistical data on the current status of medical waste generation, treatment and disposal in China, in addition to the official management policies and practices, the following common issues related to current medical waste management have been revealed:various different statistical scales, insufficient information management, lacking of self-disposal supporting standards, and insufficient researches on harmless ways of its utilization, a mismatch between supply and disposal capacity, unbalanced distribution of disposal facilities, etc. Finally, considering the impact of the updated status of the epidemic on the treatment and disposal of medical waste, corresponding prospects are put forward in terms of system matching, process connection, implementation, supervision and management, as well as layout optimization. The national and local governments are recommended to take a multi-pronged approach to accelerate the timely update and improvement of the existing management system, to increase the investment in the missing supporting standards, to strengthen research on the recycling path of infusion bottles (bags). And in order to optimize the layout of medical waste disposal facilities, it is necessary to take measures of medical waste classification and distribution management, and combine centralized disposal with emergency disposal. The information statistics paths can be improved via the interconnection of medical waste information management with the establishment of efficient supply and demand docking platforms. Through the synchronous promotion of urban and rural management, to further promote the establishment of a modern system for urban and rural medical waste treatment, to improve the formation of multi-party linkage of information supervision and law enforcement, and to firmly guard the defense line of people's livelihood.

Key words: public health, medical waste, disposal capacity, environmental management

中图分类号:

X32
X799

马杰, 张成, 张爱国, 张后虎. 中国医疗废物管理现状及制度完善研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(8): 953-961.

MA Jie, ZHANG Cheng, ZHANG Ai-guo, ZHANG Hou-hu. Study on the Current Status of Medical Waste Management and Its Improvement in China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(8): 953-961.

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