云南省永德县繁殖季鸟类多样性

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0101

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解云南省临沧市永德县繁殖季鸟类资源现状及群落动态，于2018-2020年3-6月，采用固定样线法对永德县繁殖季鸟类进行观测。结果表明，调查期间共记录鸟类15目52科197种6 135只，鸟类组成以雀形目鸟类为主，其物种数占调查鸟类总数的73.60%；居留型中留鸟有158种（80.20%），夏候鸟有19种（9.64%），冬候鸟有18种（9.14%），旅鸟有2种（1.01%）。繁殖鸟类中，东洋种有113种，广布种有64种，无古北界鸟类。在不同生境中，阔叶林生境鸟类物种丰富度（121种）、Shannon-Wiener指数（H=4.147）和均匀度指数（J=0.864）均最高，灌丛生境鸟类物种丰富度（64种）、Shannon-Wiener指数（H=3.270）和均匀度指数（J=0.786）均最低。单因素方差分析检验结果表明，各生境间鸟类遇见率存在显著差异（F=2.751，df=4，P=0.037），灌丛和农田生境鸟类遇见率最高。鸟类群落Sorensen相似性检验结果表明，阔叶林生境与针阔混交林生境间鸟类组成最相似，阔叶林生境与灌丛生境间鸟类组成差异较大。鸟类群落变化中，年际间鸟类多样性指数和均匀度指数相差较小；鸟类年际间相似性高、波动小，鸟类群落组成相对稳定。该研究基本掌握了永德县繁殖季鸟类组成、群落结构及多样性现状，可为永德县鸟类资源保护与管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 永德县, 鸟类多样性, 繁殖季, 年度变化

Abstract: In order to investigate the diversity of birds in Yongde County, Lincang, Yunnan Province and reveal their community dynamics, the fixed line transect method was used to observe birds twice a year during the breeding season (from March to June) between 2018 and 2020. A total of 15 orders, 52 families and 197 species of birds were recorded and 6 135 individuals were observed. The local bird assembly was dominated by Passerine birds, accounting for 73.60% of the total number of species surveyed. In terms of the residence type, there were 158 species of resident birds (80.20%), 19 species of summer migratory birds (9.64%), 18 species of winter migratory birds (9.14%) and 2 species of travelling birds (1.01%). Resident and summer migratory birds added up to 177 species (89.85%), which constitute the breeding birds in Yongde County. Among breeding birds, there were 113 Oriental species, 64 widely distributed species and no Palearctic species. Among different habitats, species richness (121 species), Shannon-Wiener index (H=4.147) and evenness index (J=0.864) were the highest in broad-leaved forest, while in shrub habitat, birds species richness (64 species), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H=3.270) and evenness index (J=0.786) were the lowest. The results of oneway ANOVA indicate significant differences in encounter rate among habitats (F=2.751, df=4, P=0.037), with the highest encounter rate discovered in both farmland and shrub habitat. The Sorensen similarity of bird communities show that the species composition was most similar between broad-leaved forest and mixed forest, while it was significantly different between broad-leaved forest and shrub habitat. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness index of bird community show little difference among the three years, and the species composition of bird community was relatively stable with limited fluctuation. This study facilitates a better understanding of the species composition, community structure and diversity status of birds in breeding season of Yongde County, providing a basis for the protection and management of local bird resources.

Key words: Yongde County, avian diversity, breeding season, annual variation

中图分类号:

张健嵩, 陆文朱, 汤锦涛, 段玉宝. 云南省永德县繁殖季鸟类多样性[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(11): 1423-1429.

ZHANG Jian-song, LU Wen-zhu, TANG Jin-tao, DUAN Yu-bao. Diversity of Birds in Yongde County, Yunnan Province during Breeding Season[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(11): 1423-1429.

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