生活污泥-厨余-存量垃圾多元物料蚯蚓堆肥工艺及应用环境风险评估

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0559

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在垃圾分类背景下,污泥、厨余和存量垃圾资源化利用成为城市有机固体废物管理的重要环节。通过正交试验研究污泥-厨余-存量垃圾多元物料蚯蚓堆肥的最佳工艺,并利用堆肥的植物生长试验和潜在生态风险模型评价堆肥肥效以及堆肥应用的环境风险。结果表明,污泥、厨余垃圾和存量垃圾混合堆肥可以显著改善物料理化性质和蚯蚓生长状况,但厨余垃圾的添加比例超过50%时会影响蚯蚓生长繁殖。多元物料蚯蚓堆肥最佳工艺组合如下:污泥和厨余垃圾质量比为7∶3,存量垃圾添加比例为5%,蚯蚓接种数量为33条·kg^-1。蚯蚓堆肥及其混合土的pH值、种子发芽指数、有机质、总养分及重金属含量均满足NY/T 525-2021《有机肥料》和CJ/T 340-2016《绿化种植土壤》标准要求,其施加比例为20%时,黑麦草的生长状况最佳;施加比例为50%时,有机质、总氮、总磷和速效钾含量增量最大,分别为107.00 g·kg^-1、6.69 mg·g^-1、5.96 mg·g^-1和0.42 mg·g^-1。施加比例从0增至50%,单一重金属潜在生态风险系数随之升高,综合潜在生态风险系数从17.42升至33.82,环境风险程度均为轻微生态危害;Cu是土壤中最主要的潜在风险重金属单体(潜在生态风险指数E_r=17.69),以堆肥施加比例20%连续施用30季,会使Cu的生态风险指数由10.69升至35.04,之后积累效应不明显(E_r=35.09)。由此可见,污泥-厨余-存量垃圾多元物料蚯蚓堆肥可成为城市有机固体废物管理中安全、有效的资源化利用途径。

关键词: 蚯蚓堆肥, 污泥, 厨余, 存量垃圾, 风险评价

Abstract: The resource of sludge, kitchen waste and stock waste play an important role on the organic solid waste management in the city based on the waste classification. In this study, the process optimization and environmental risk assessment of vermicomposting co-composted from sludge, kitchen waste and stock waste (VCSKS) were studied by the orthogonal test, the plant growth experiment and potential ecological risk model. The results indicate that the VCSKS could significantly improve physical and chemical properties of composting and the growth of earthworms. However, the addition with more than 50% kitchen waste could restrain the growth and reproduction of earthworms. The best parameters of the VCSKS is 7∶3 mass ratio of sludge and kitchen waste, 5% addition of stock waste and 33 pieces per kilogram earthworms inoculation rate. Both the quality of vermicomposting and its mixed soil met with both the requirements of the organic fertilizer and the planting soil for greening. When the vermicomposting addition proportion was 20%, the growth of ryegrass was the best. When the vermicomposting addition proportion reached to 50%, the organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available potassium were the largest, which increased to 107.00 g/kg, 6.69 mg/g, 5.96 mg/g and 0.42 mg/g, respectively. As the vermicomposting addition proportion increased from 0 to 50%, the potential ecological risk index of single heavy metal increased in soil, and the combined potential ecological risk factor increased from 17.42 to 33.82, with the environmental risk all to be at low ecological hazard level. Cu had the greatest potential ecological hazard (Er=17.69). With thirty times addition of vermicomposting at 20% proportion,of the fertilizer the ecological risk index of Cu could be increased from 10.69 to 35.04, and after then the accumulation effect would become non-obvious (Er=35.09). Therefore, vermicomposting co-composted from sludge, kitchen waste and stock waste will be a safe and effective route for the municipal organic solid waste management in cites.

Key words: vermicomposting, sludge, kitchen waste, stock waste, risk assessment

中图分类号:

X799.3

韦茜佳, 周若昕, 李娜英, 李浩, 韩智勇. 生活污泥-厨余-存量垃圾多元物料蚯蚓堆肥工艺及应用环境风险评估[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(10): 1354-1364.

WEI Qian-jia, ZHOU Ruo-xin, LI Na-ying, LI Hao, HAN Zhi-yong. Process Optimization and Environmental Risk Assessment of Vermicomposting Co-composted from Sludge, Kitchen Waste and Stored Waste[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(10): 1354-1364.

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