长期连续施用猪粪的旱地红壤肥力健康与花生产量研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0084

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 依托中国科学院鹰潭红壤生态实验站内一个连续施肥23 a的旱地红壤-花生作物体系长期定位试验点,重点研究长期施用猪粪对土壤酸度、有机质含量和主要养分等土壤肥力指标与健康的影响。采用由隶属度值制成的雷达图探讨旱地红壤肥力的制约因素,并采用土壤健康指数面积法定量评估土壤肥力健康指数水平,最后以连续施肥23 a后的花生产量验证土壤肥力健康指数的适用性。结果表明,连续23 a的施肥提升了花生地土壤肥力健康水平;与施用化肥相比,施用猪粪大幅降低了土壤可交换性酸度,同时提高了土壤pH值、有机质和氮磷养分含量,从而将整体土壤健康指数从0.70提高到1.20,施用猪粪处理组的花生植株总生物量与花生果粒产量分别是施用化肥组的2.84和2.28倍。因此,长期施用猪粪可有效改善旱地红壤酸度强、养分少等肥力限制条件,提高土壤肥力健康水平及作物产量。

关键词: 旱地红壤, 花生, 长期定位试验, 猪粪, 土壤肥力健康指数

Abstract: Soil fertility health is a hot topic in the study of soil health and crop productivity in cultivated land. This study focused on the effects of long-term application of pig manure on soil fertility health indicators, including soil acidity, organic matter and major nutrients. The study was conducted based on a 23-year long-term fertilization experiment (1996-2019) of upland red soil-peanut crop system at the Yingtan Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. To analyze the soil fertility constraints, radar plots were used, and the Soil Health Index-Area (SHI-Area) method was employed to evaluate soil health based on soil fertility parameters. The feasibility of the soil fertility health index was further validated by analyzing the data on peanut yields in the 23rd year. The study's findings revealed that the application of pig manure resulted in a significant reduction in soil exchangeable acidity when compared to chemical fertilization. Additionally, the application of pig manure increased the soil pH, organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrient contents, ultimately elevating the overall soil health index from 0.70 to 1.20. Furthermore, the study show that the total biomass of peanut plants and the yield of peanut kernels in the plots treated with pig manure were 1.8 and 1.3 times higher, respectively, compared to those treated with chemical fertilizer. In conclusion, the study provides evidence that the long-term application of pig manure is a highly effective method to alleviate the limiting factors of high acidity, low nutrients, and low fertility in upland red soil. This approach leads to a significant improvement in soil fertility and crop yield.

Key words: upland red soil, peanuts, long-term fertilization trial, pig manure, soil fertility health index

中图分类号:

S158.2

司绍诚, 涂晨, 吴宇澄, 李远, 骆永明. 长期连续施用猪粪的旱地红壤肥力健康与花生产量研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(4): 480-487.

SI Shao-cheng, TU Chen, WU Yu-cheng, LI Yuan, LUO Yong-ming. Soil Fertility Health and Peanut Yield in Upland Red Soils under Long-term Continuous Application of Pig Manure[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(4): 480-487.

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