富磷型猪粪基生物炭肥对土壤-萝卜系统的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0465

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为促进富磷型生物炭肥在西南紫色土区的合理利用，采用盆栽试验研究了不同配比富磷型猪粪基生物炭肥对紫色土理化性质以及樱桃萝卜产量和品质的影响。结果表明，添加富磷型猪粪基生物炭肥后土壤pH值以及有机质、全氮和全钾含量均显著提高，樱桃萝卜莲座期和肉质根膨大期速效磷含量分别提高21.72%~43.47%和0.22%~28.42%。富磷型猪粪基生物炭肥处理樱桃萝卜地上部和根部生物量分别增加17.20%~44.17%和20.63%~83.31%，樱桃萝卜的磷、总糖和维生素C含量均显著提高，且樱桃萝卜磷含量与土壤速效磷含量呈极显著相关；樱桃萝卜Pb和Cd含量分别降低6.12%~44.49%和4.19%~13.31%。施用富磷型猪粪基生物炭肥能够显著改善紫色土理化性质并提升樱桃萝卜产量和品质。

关键词: 生物炭肥, 磷, 猪粪, 土壤, 理化性质

Abstract: In order to promote the rational application of phosphorus(P)-enriched biochar fertilizer in purple soil of southwest China, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of P-enriched biochar fertilizer prepared from pig manure on the physicochemical properties of purple soil, as well as its influence on the yield and quality of cherry radish. The results show that after adding P-enriched biochar fertilizer prepared from pig manure, the soil pH value and organic matter, total N and total K contents in soil were significantly increased. The opplication of P-enriched biochar fertilizer also increased the contents of available P by 21.72%-43.47% and 0.22%-28.42% during the rosette stage and fleshy root swelling stage of cherry radish, respectively. The above-ground and root biomass of cherry radish treated with this P-enriched biochar fertilizer were lifted by 17.20%-44.17% and 20.63%-83.31%, respectively. The contents of P, total sugar and vitamin C in cherry radish were significantly increased, and the content of P in cherry radish had a significant correlation with the content of available P in soil (P<0.01), while the Pb and Cd contents of cherry radish decreased respectively by 6.12%-44.49% and 4.19%-13.31%. In conclusion, application of P-enriched biochar fertilizer prepared from pig manure can significantly improve the physicochemical properties of purple soil, and increase the yield and quality of cherry radish.

Key words: biochar fertilizer, phosphorus, pig-manure, soil, physicochemical property

中图分类号:

X713

杨婧, 钟慧, 潘欢, 谭羽男, 易蔓, 陈玉成. 富磷型猪粪基生物炭肥对土壤-萝卜系统的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(9): 1169-1176.

YANG Jing, ZHONG Hui, PAN Huan, TAN Yu-nan, YI Man, CHEN Yu-cheng. Effect of Phosphorus Enriched Biochar Fertilizer Prepared From Pig-manure on the Soil-radish System[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(9): 1169-1176.

参考文献

[1] 杨劲峰,鲁豫,刘小华,等.施用炭基缓释肥对花生光合功能的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):408-415.[YANG Jin-feng,LU Yu,LIU Xiao-hua,et al.Effects of Biochar-based Slow-release Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characters of Peanut Functional Leaves[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(2):408-415.]
[2] LAIRD D,FLEMING P,WANG B Q,et al.Biochar Impact on Nutrient Leaching From a Midwestern Agricultural Soil[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3/4):436-442.
[3] 李文渊,程传策,刁朝强,等.高碳基土壤修复肥对植烟土壤理化性质和烤烟质量的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,44(4):353-359.[LI Wen-yuan,CHENG Chuan-ce,DIAO Chao-qiang,et al.Effects of High-carbon-based Soil Remediation Fertilizer on Physicochemical Properties of Tobacco-growing Soil and Tobacco Quality[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2018,44(4):353-359.]
[4] 张旭辉,李治玲,李勇,等.施用生物炭对西南地区紫色土和黄壤的作用效果[J].草业学报,2017,26(4):63-72.[ZHANG Xu-hui,LI Zhi-ling,LI Yong,et al.Effect of Biochar Amendment on Purple and Yellow Soil[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(4):63-72.]
[5] 陈坤,徐晓楠,彭靖,等.生物炭及炭基肥对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(10):1920-1930.[CHEN Kun,XU Xiao-nan,PENG Jing,et al.Effects of Biochar and Biochar-based Fertilizer on Soil Microbial Community Structure[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(10):1920-1930.]
[6] KOLB S E,FERMANICH K J,DORNBUSH M E.Effect of Charcoal Quantity on Microbial Biomass and Activity in Temperate Soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2009,73(4):1173-1181.
[7] 崔虎,王莉霞,欧洋,等.生物炭-化肥配施对稻田土壤氮磷迁移转化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(2):412-421.[CUI Hu,WANG Li-xia,OU Yang,et al.Effect of the Combined Application of Biochar and Chemical Fertilizer on the Migration and Transformation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Paddy Soil[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2019,38(2):412-421.]
[8] RANDOLPH P,BANSODE R R,HASSAN O A,et al.Effect of Biochars Produced From Solid Organic Municipal Waste on Soil Quality Parameters[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,192:271-280.
[9] KARHU K,MATTILA T,BERGSTRÖM I,et al.Biochar Addition to Agricultural Soil Increased CH₄ Uptake and Water Holding Capacity:Results From a Short-term Pilot Field Study[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2011,140(1/2):309-313.
[10] 潘全良,宋涛,陈坤,等.连续6年施用生物炭和炭基肥对棕壤生物活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(3):225-232.[PAN Quan-liang,SONG Tao,CHEN Kun,et al.Influences of 6-year Application of Biochar and Biochar-based Compound Fertilizer on Soil Bioactivity on Brown Soil[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2016,31(3):225-232.]
[11] VAN ZWIETEN L,KIMBER S,MORRIS S,et al.Effects of Biochar From Slow Pyrolysis of Papermill Waste on Agronomic Performance and Soil Fertility[J].Plant and Soil,2010,327(1/2):235-246.
[12] 尹俊慧,李小英.不同类型生物炭混施对土壤磷素淋失的影响试验研究[J].中国农学通报,2019,35(6):32-36.[YIN Jun-hui,LI Xiao-ying.Different Types of Biochar Mixed Additions Affect Soil Phosphorus Leaching Loss:Experimental Research[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2019,35(6):32-36.]
[13] 李江舟,娄翼来,张立猛,等.不同生物炭添加量下植烟土壤养分的淋失[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):1075-1080.[LI Jiang-zhou,LOU Yi-lai,ZHANG Li-meng,et al.Leaching Loss of Nutrients in Tobacco-planting Soil Under Different Biochar Adding Levels[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(4):1075-1080.]
[14] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:146-472.
[15] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:123-199.[LI He-sheng.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological Biochemical Experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:123-199.]
[16] LEHMANN J,GAUNT J,RONDON M.Bio-char Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems:A Review[J].Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2006,11(2):403-427.
[17] 李际会,吕国华,白文波,等.改性生物炭的吸附作用及其对土壤硝态氮和有效磷淋失的影响[J].中国农业气象,2012,33(2):220-225.[LI Ji-hui,LÜ Guo-hua,BAI Wen-bo,et al.Effect of Modified Biochar on Soil Nitrate Nitrogen and Available Phosphorus Leaching[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2012,33(2):220-225.]
[18] 续晓云.生物炭对无机污染物的吸附转化机制研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2015.
[19] 安艳,姬强,赵世翔,等.生物质炭对果园土壤团聚体分布及保水性的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):293-300.[AN Yan,JI Qiang,ZHAO Shi-xiang,et al.Effect of Biochar Application on Soil Aggregates Distribution and Moisture Retention in Orchard Soil[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(1):293-300.]
[20] 沈明珠,翟宝杰,东惠茹,等.蔬菜硝酸盐累积的研究:Ⅰ.不同蔬菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量评价[J].园艺学报,1982,9(4):41-48.[SHEN Ming-zhu,ZHAI Bao-jie,DONG Hui-ru,et al.Studies on Nitrate Accumulation in Vegetable Crops[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1982,9(4):41-48.]
[21] 陈雪娇,杨丹丹,李贵桐,等.不同温度生物质炭复混肥对小白菜和樱桃萝卜产量及硝酸盐的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(34):30-34.[CHEN Xue-jiao,YANG Dan-dan,LI Gui-tong,et al.The Effects of Biochar Complex Fertilizer Under Different Temperatures on the Yield and Nitrate Content of Brassica chinensis and Raphanus sativus var.radculus[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(34):30-34.]
[22] KHAN M A,KIM K W,WANG M Z,et al.Nutrient-impregnated Charcoal:An Environmentally Friendly Slow-release Fertilizer[J].The Environmentalist,2008,28(3):231-235.
[23] 廖上强,陈延华,李艳梅,等.减量灌溉条件下缓释肥料对番茄产量、品质及硝态氮淋溶的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(6):70-75.[LIAO Shang-qiang,CHEN Yan-hua,LI Yan-mei,et al.Effect of Slow Release Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Tomato and NO₃^--N Leaching Under Reduction Irrigation Condition[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2015(6):70-75.]
[24] 陈懿,林英超,黄化刚,等.炭基肥对植烟黄壤性状和烤烟养分积累、产量及品质的影响[J].土壤学报,2019,56(2):495-504.[CHEN Yi,LIN Ying-chao,HUANG Hua-gang,et al.Effect of Biochar-based Fertilizer on Properties of Tobacco-planting Yellow Soil,and Nutrient Accumulation,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2019,56(2):495-504.]