不同灌溉方式下施氮水平对设施春黄瓜产量及氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.07.005

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 606-613.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.07.005

不同灌溉方式下施氮水平对设施春黄瓜产量及氮肥利用率的影响

蔡树美¹, 张中华^2,3, 徐四新¹, 张德闪¹, 曹亮亮⁴, 顾富家⁵, 诸海焘¹

1. 上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所, 上海 201403;
2. 上海华维节水灌溉股份有限公司, 上海 201505;
3. 上海节水灌溉工程技术研究中心, 上海 201505;
4. 时科生物科技(上海)有限公司, 上海 201100;
5. 申农(上海)生态农业发展有限公司, 上海 202150

收稿日期:2017-09-22 出版日期:2018-07-25 发布日期:2018-07-25
通讯作者: 诸海焘 E-mail:htzhu123@sohu.com
作者简介:蔡树美(1984-),女,江苏溧阳人,副研究员,博士,主要从事植物营养与生理方面的研究。E-mail:caishumei@saas.sh.cn
基金资助:
国家星火计划（2015GA680001）；上海市科委成果转化项目（153919N0402）；上海市农委重点推广项目（沪农科推字[2015]第2-2号）；崇明县科技攻关项目（CKS2016-02）；上海市科委长三角科技联合攻关项目（18295810500）；国家科技重大专项（2017ZX07202004-004）

Effects of Different Irrigation Pattern and Nitrogen Input Levels on Fruit Yield and N Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Cucumber in Early Spring

CAI Shu-mei¹, ZHANG Zhong-hua^2,3, XU Si-xin¹, ZHANG De-shan¹, CAO Liang-liang⁴, GU Fu-jia⁵, ZHU Hai-tao¹

1. Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;
2. Shanghai Huawei Water Saving Irrigation Corp. Ltd., Shanghai 201505, China;
3. Shanghai Water Saving Irrigation Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201505, China;
4. SEEK Bio-Technology(Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201100, China;
5. Shennong(Shanghai) Ecological Agriculture Development Co. Ltd., Shanghai 202150, China

Received:2017-09-22 Online:2018-07-25 Published:2018-07-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水肥管理不当是设施春黄瓜生产中的常见限制因子。采用滴灌水肥一体化栽培方式，结合裂区试验研究灌溉方式和氮肥用量对设施春黄瓜产量及氮肥利用率的影响，以期为设施春黄瓜合理水肥一体化管理提供理论依据。结果表明：滴灌水肥一体化栽培方式明显促进了设施春黄瓜的生长发育，提高了产量和氮肥利用率。相同氮肥用量下，滴灌处理设施春黄瓜的茎粗、株高和叶片数均有所增加，平均增幅分别达5.8%、8.5%和14.0%；滴灌处理单果重显著高于喷灌处理，但对果实纵径和果实横径的影响较小；滴灌处理可以明显增加黄瓜果实中干物质量、地上部氮素累积量和氮肥利用率。合理施氮能促进设施春黄瓜地上部的生长，滴灌最优施氮量（245.0 kg·hm^-2）条件下，黄瓜产量最高可达82 913.4 kg·hm^-2；喷灌最优施氮量（418.8 kg·hm^-2）条件下，黄瓜产量最高可达63 792.6 kg·hm^-2。当氮肥用量超过最优施氮量时会抑制黄瓜生长，株高、茎粗、叶片数、单果重和果实纵径等指标均有所下降。设施春黄瓜选用滴灌方式进行灌溉施肥，能较好地发挥水肥耦合效应，与喷灌相比，其节肥稳产效果更好，且施氮量以245.0 kg·hm^-2为宜。

关键词: 滴灌, 水肥一体化, 产量, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

Improper water and fertilizer management is a common restriction factor for the production of spring cucumber under protected cultivation. A field split plot experiment was conducted to study effects of irrigation mode and nitrogen fertilizer application rate on yield and N use efficiency of greenhouse cucumber in early spring, providing a theoretical foundation for integrated management of reasonable water and fertilizer application under protected cultivation. The results show that the integration of irrigation and fertilizer obviously promoted the growth of greenhouse cucumber and increased the yield and N use efficiency. Under the same nitrogen levels, drip fertigation increased stem diameter, plant height and leaf number of greenhouse cucumber by 5.8%, 8.5% and 14.0%, respectively. Compared with spray fertigation, drip fertigation significantly increased the weight of single fruit, the amount of dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and N use efficiency, while the influence on fruit longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter was comparative less. The aerial growth of greenhouse cucumber in early spring can be promoted by proper application amount of N fertilizer. Under the optimum nitrogen fertilizer application amount, fruit yield could grow up to 82 913.4 and 63 792.6 kg·hm^-2 in the drip fertigation treatment (N basal application 245.0 kg·hm^-2) and spray fertigation treatment (N basal application 418.8 kg·hm^-2), respectively. However, excessive N fertilizer inhibited the growth of cucumber, reducing plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, weight of single fruit and fruit longitudinal diameter. Therefore, drip fertigation could synchronize nitrogen reducing application and water saving irrigation, improving cucumber yield and N use efficiency, and the optimum nitrogen amount was about 245.0 kg·hm^-2.

Key words: drip irrigation, fertigation, fruit yield, N use efficiency

中图分类号:

S143.1
S19

蔡树美, 张中华, 徐四新, 张德闪, 曹亮亮, 顾富家, 诸海焘. 不同灌溉方式下施氮水平对设施春黄瓜产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(7): 606-613.

CAI Shu-mei, ZHANG Zhong-hua, XU Si-xin, ZHANG De-shan, CAO Liang-liang, GU Fu-jia, ZHU Hai-tao. Effects of Different Irrigation Pattern and Nitrogen Input Levels on Fruit Yield and N Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Cucumber in Early Spring[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(7): 606-613.

参考文献

[1] 孔繁涛,吴建寨,李辉尚.重点蔬菜品种2016年市场分析及2017年市场预测[J].农产品市场周刊,2017(4):37-38.
[2] 李建勇,沈海斌,朱恩,等.上海市蔬菜水肥一体化技术应用现状及发展对策[J].中国蔬菜,2016(8):10-13.
[3] 王丽英,武雪萍,张彦才,等.适宜施氮量保证滴灌日光温室黄瓜番茄产量降低土壤盐分及氮残留[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):91-98.[WANG Li-ying,WU Xue-ping,ZHANG Yan-cai,et al.Optimal Nitrogen Application Rate to Ensure Cucumber and Tomato Yield With Drip Irrigation in Greenhouse and to Reduce Soil Salinity and Nitrate Residue[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(17):91-98.]
[4] 高丽,李红岭,王铁臣,等.水氮耦合对日光温室黄瓜根系生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(8):58-64.[GAO Li,LI Hong-ling,WANG Tie-chen,et al.Coupling Effect of Water and Nitrogen on Cucumber Root Growth in Solar Greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(8):58-64.]
[5] 李生平,武雪萍,龙怀玉,等.负压水肥一体化灌溉对黄瓜产量和水、氮利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,33(2):416-426.[LI Sheng-ping,WU Xue-ping,LONG Huai-yu,et al.Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies of Cucumber Under Negatively Pressurized Fertigation[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,33(2):416-426.]
[6] 邢英英,张富仓,张燕,等.滴灌施肥水肥耦合对温室番茄产量、品质和水氮利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):713-726.[XING Ying-ying,ZHANG Fu-cang,ZHANG Yan,et al.Effect of Irrigation and Fertilizer Coupling on Greenhouse Tomato Yield,Quality,Water and Nitrogen Utilization Under Fertigation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(4):713-726.]
[7] GUPTA A J,AHMAD M F,BHAT F N.Studies on Yield,Quality,Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Capsium Under Drip Irrigation and Fertigation[J].Indian Journal of Horticulture,2010,67(2):213-218.
[8] KANISZEWSKI S,ELKNER K.Quality of Cucumbers as Affected by Drip Irrigation and Fertigation[J].Folia Horticulturae,2002,14(1):143-154.
[9] 李静,张富仓,方栋平,等.水氮供应对滴灌施肥条件下黄瓜生长及水分利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(22):4475-4487.[LI Jing,ZHANG Fu-cang,FANG Dong-ping,et al.Effects of Water and Nitrogen Supply on the Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) Under Fertigation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(22):4475-4487.]
[10] 王丽英,张彦才,李若楠,等.水氮供应对温室黄瓜干物质积累、养分吸收及分配规律的影响[J].华北农学报,2012,27(5):230-238.[WANG Li-ying,ZHANG Yan-cai,LI Ruo-nan,et al.Effects of Water and Nitrogen Supply on Dry Matter Accumulation,Nutrient Uptake and Distribution in Greenhouse Winter-Spring Cucumber[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2012,27(5):230-238.]
[11] 赵志成,杨显贺,李清明,等.不同膜下滴灌方式对设施黄瓜生理特性及水分利用效率的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(22):6597-6605.[ZHAO Zhi-cheng,YANG Xian-he,LI Qing-ming,et al.Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Methods Under Plastic Film on Physiological Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Protected Cucumber[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(22):6597-6605.]
[12] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:265-268.
[13] 毛达如,申剑波.植物营养研究方法[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2005:83-84.
[14] ABDALHI M A,CHENG J L,FENG S Y,et al.Performance of Drip Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer in Irrigation Water Saving and Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Waxy Maize (Zea mays L.) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Under Solar Greenhouse[J].Grassland Science,2016,62(3):174-187.
[15] SANTOSH S M,SINGH R,SINGH A K,et al.Influence of Drip Lateral Placement Depth and Fertigation Level on Germination,Yield and Water-Use Efficiency of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)[J].Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,86(2):178-185.
[16] KAMAL H A,SALLY A M,JERRY L H.Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Fertilization on Cucumber[J].Agronomy Journal,2009,101(6):1556-1564.
[17] JOKINEN K,SÄRKKÄ L E,NÄKKILÄ J.Split Root Fertigation Enhances Cucumber Yield in Both an Open and a Semi-Closed Greenhouse[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2011,130(4):808-814.
[18] TVZEL I H,TVZEL Y,ÖZTEKIN G B,et al.Response of Cucumber to Deficit Irrigation[J].Acta Horticulturae,2009,807:259-264.
[19] 王绍辉.日光温室黄瓜栽培需水规律及生理机制的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2000.
[20] 乔林然,胡笑涛,王文娥.温室黄瓜产量及品质对亏缺补偿交替灌水模式的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(4/5):54-57.[QIAO Lin-ran,HU Xiao-tao,WANG Wen-e.Response of Yield and Fruit Quality of Cucumber in Greenhouse to Deficit Compensation Alternative Irrigation[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2014,33(4/5):54-57.]
[21] 曹琦,王树忠,高丽红,等.交替隔沟灌溉对温室黄瓜生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):47-53.[CAO Qi,WANG Shu-zhong,GAO Li-hong,et al.Effects of Alternative Furrow Irrigation on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Cucumber in Solar Greenhouse[J].Transactions of the CASE,2010,26(1):47-53.]
[22] 邹志荣,李清明,贺忠群.不同灌溉上限对温室黄瓜结瓜期生长动态、产量及品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(增刊1):77-81.[ZOU Zhi-rong,LI Qing-ming,HE Zhong-qun.Effects of Different Irrigation Maximums on Growth Dynamics,Yield and Quality of Cucumber During Fruit-Bearing Stage in Greenhouse[J].Transactions of the CASE,2005,21(Suppl. 1):77-81.]
[23] 张宪法,于贤昌,张振贤.土壤水分对温室嫁接和非嫁接黄瓜生长与生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(11):1399-1402.[ZHANG Xian-fa,YU Xian-chang,ZHANG Zhen-xian.Effect of Soil Water on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Grafted and Non-Grafted Cucumber in Greenhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(11):1399-1402.]
[24] 陈金平,刘祖贵,段爱旺,等.温室黄瓜叶面积扩展与光合特性对土壤水分的响应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(1):91-95.[CHEN Jin-ping,LIU Zu-gui,DUAN Ai-wang,et al.Response of Leaf Area Expansion and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Cucumber to Soil Water Status in Greenhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2007,15(1):91-95.]
[25] JAYAKUMAR M,JANAPRIYA S,SURENDRAN U.Effect of Drip Fertigation and Polythene Mulching on Growth and Productivity of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.),Water,Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Benefits[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,182:87-93.
[26] MADHAVA C K,SURENDRAN U.Study on Factors Inffluencing the Adoption of Drip Irrigation by Farmers in Humid Tropical Kerala,India[J].International Journal of Plant Production,2016,10(3):347-364.
[27] 侯松泽,张书,张玉红.保护地滴灌黄瓜节水灌溉模式试验研究[J].黑龙江水利科技,2001(4):11-13.
[28] INDU S G S,BUTTAR A S B.Drip Irrigation and Fertigation Improves Economics,Water and Energy Productivity of Spring Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Indian Punjab[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,185:58-64.
[29] 张丽莹,王荣莲,张俊生,等.水肥耦合对温室无土栽培水果黄瓜叶片糖含量及其相关酶活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2011,26(2):163-169.[ZHANG Li-ying,WANG Rong-lian,ZHANG Jun-sheng,et al.Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Soluble Sugar Content and Sucrose Metabolizing Enzymes Activities in Fruit Cucumber Leaves Under Solution Culture in Greenhouse[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2011,26(2):163-169.]
[30] 李若楠,张彦才,黄绍文,等.节水控肥下有机无机肥配施对日光温室黄瓜-番茄轮作体系土壤氮素供应及迁移的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):677-688.[LI Ruo-nan,ZHANG Yan-cai,HUANG Shao-wen,et al.Effects of Combined Application of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Nitrogen Availability and Movement Under Water and Fertilizer Saving Management in Cucumber-Tomato Double Cropping System[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(3):677-688.]
[31] 诸海焘,李建勇,朱恩,等.水肥一体化条件下设施黄瓜的氮磷钾吸收分配规律研究[J].上海农业学报,2017,33(1):74-78.[ZHU Hai-tao,LI Jian-yong,ZHU En,et al.Study on the Absorption and Distribution of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium of Cucumber in Protected Cultivation of Integral Control of Water and Fertilization[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2017,33(1):74-78.]
[32] 张丽莹,王荣莲,张俊生,等.水肥耦合对温室无土栽培黄瓜氮代谢的影响[J].园艺学报,2011,38(5):893-902.[ZHANG Li-ying,WANG Rong-lian,ZHANG Jun-sheng,et al.Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Nitrogen Metabolism of Cucumber Under Soilless Culture in Greenhouse[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2011,38(5):893-902.]
[33] ALEXIEV N,RANKOV V.The Effect of Intensive Organ-Mineral Fertilization on the Yield of Greenhouse Cucumber and the Mineralization of Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds in Soil[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1997,70(2):793-797.
[34] 徐坤范,李明玉,艾希珍.氮对日光温室黄瓜呈味物质、硝酸盐含量及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(5):717-721.[XU Kun-fan,LI Ming-yu,AI Xi-zhen.Effect of Nitrogen on Taste Compounds,Nitrate and Yield of Cucumber in Solar-Greenhouse[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2006,12(5):717-721.]

不同灌溉方式下施氮水平对设施春黄瓜产量及氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Pattern and Nitrogen Input Levels on Fruit Yield and N Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Cucumber in Early Spring

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	李建查, 李坤, 方海东, 张雷, 潘志贤, 岳学文, 何光熊, 段琪彩, 史亮涛. 不同滴灌模式对干热河谷甜玉米生物量分配、产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(7): 947-952.
[2]	韩芳玉, 张俊飚, 程琳琳, 童庆蒙, 刘勇. 气候变化对中国水稻产量及其区域差异性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(3): 283-289.
[3]	高佳佳, 杜军, 刘朝阳, 周刊社. 西藏地区主要农作物敏感区对气候变化的响应[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(11): 1484-1489.
[4]	张春明, 兰汝佳, 甘淳丹, 管永祥, 赵海燕, 蒋平安, 郑青松. 新型微量元素型叶面肥对春小麦旗叶衰老、籽粒产量和品质的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(1): 121-127.
[5]	王悦满, 冯彦房, 杨林章, 刘杨, 侯朋福, 李辉信, 薛利红. 水热及裂解生物炭对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(8): 755-761.
[6]	聂二旗, 郑国砥, 高定, 陈同斌. 中国西部农村生活垃圾处理现状及对策分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(10): 882-889.
[7]	马资厚, 薛利红, 潘复燕, 徐珊珊, 高倩, 杨林章. 太湖流域稻田对3种低污染水氮的消纳利用及化肥减量效果[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(4): 570-576.
[8]	石晓丽, 史文娇. 极端高温对黄淮海平原冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(2): 259-269.
[9]	郑学博, 樊剑波, 崔键, 徐磊, 祝振球, 何园球, 周静. 沼液化肥配施对旱地红壤花生养分吸收分配和产量的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(2): 332-337.
[10]	石祖梁,张姗,孙仁华,张传辉,戴廷波,顾克军,杨四军 . 秸秆还田下晚播稻茬麦适宜施氮量研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2015, 31(4): 589-593.
[11]	张爱君, 魏猛, 唐忠厚, 史新敏, 陈晓光, 李洪民. 基于黄潮土长期定位试验的作物产量演变特征分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2014, 30(3): 336-340.
[12]	陈琳,乔志刚,李恋卿,潘根兴. 施用生物质炭基肥对水稻产量及氮素利用的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2013, 29(5): 671-675.
[13]	向慧敏, 章家恩, 罗明珠, 赵本良, 全国明. 水稻与水芹间作栽培对水稻病虫草害和产量的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2013, 29(1): 58-63.
[14]	曲晶晶, 郑金伟, 郑聚锋, 张旭辉, 李恋卿, 潘根兴, 纪雄辉, 余喜初. 小麦秸秆生物质炭对水稻产量及晚稻氮素利用率的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2012, 28(3): 288-293.
[15]	罗连光, 崔新卫, 杨勇, 贺爱国, 刘朝晖, 颜应成. 有机无机肥配施对超级杂交稻产量构成及植株重金属含量的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2012, 28(1): 67-71.