生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 882-889.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.10.003

• 区域环境与发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国西部农村生活垃圾处理现状及对策分析

聂二旗1,2, 郑国砥1,2, 高定1, 陈同斌1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101;
    2. 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-12 出版日期:2017-10-25 发布日期:2017-11-24
  • 通讯作者: 郑国砥,E-mail:zhenggd@igsnrr.ac.cn E-mail:zhenggd@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:聂二旗(1992-),男,河南商丘人,硕士生,主要从事有机废物资源化工程与恶臭污染治理研究。E-mail:nieerqi@foxmail.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技支撑计划(2014BAC02B01)

Status Quo and Strategy for Management of Rural Domestic Waste in West China

NIE Er-qi1,2, ZHENG Guo-di1,2, GAO Ding1, CHEN Tong-bin1,2   

  1. 1. Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
    2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2016-12-12 Online:2017-10-25 Published:2017-11-24

摘要:

根据典型气候类型(主要是降水)、人口密度和旅游活动等因素,选取中国西部内蒙古、陕西、四川、贵州和广西5省区的典型农村,采用问卷调查和实地调研方式对不同区域的农村生活垃圾产生特点和组分特性进行分析,并在此基础上探讨西部地区农村生活垃圾的处理模式。结果表明,西部地区农村垃圾产生量为0.095~0.320 kg·d-1·人-1,平均值为0.193 kg·d-1·人-1;生活垃圾主要成分以厨余类、灰土和纸类为主,其总量占垃圾产生总量的80%以上。中国西部地区农村垃圾处理存在的主要问题是没有重视前端减量,虽有一些政策引导,但一般也只是从技术和模式上进行消极的末端处理,效果普遍不佳。中国西部农村地区由于其经济发展水平、人口分布、气候和地形等因素影响,难以借鉴和采用中东部的农村生活垃圾处理方式。西部地区应根据不同的区域特点采用不同的垃圾处理方式,总体上宜采用分类收集、源头控制、就地处理和集中处理相结合的方式。

关键词: 农村垃圾, 产量, 处理, 西部地区, 垃圾组分, 分类收集

Abstract:

To explore models for treatment and disposal of rural domestic waste in West China, questionnaires and field surveys were conducted in certain rural areas typical of Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Guangxi, and samples were analyzed for revealing characteristics of waste generation and composition. Results show that the amount of rural domestic waste in West China ranged from 0.095 to 0.320 kg·d-1 per capita, and averaged 0.193 kg·d-1 per capita. The rural domestic waste in the regions consisted mainly of kitchen waste, dust and paper, which accounted for 80% or more of the total generated in the areas. In handling the rural domestic waste in West China, the problem lies in absence of sufficient attention to fore-end reduction of waste generation. Although the government had promulgated some policies to guide management of the waste, they were not good in effect because they were oriented for end treatment of the waste, passive in technology and model. As affected by the economic development level, population distribution, climate and topography, these rural areas found it difficult to take as reference or adopt the rural domestic waste management models common in East and Central China. So that, the areas in West China should adopt their own site-specific waste disposal methods. A waste handling method, integrating collection by sort, source control, in situ treatment and centralized treatment is, therefore, recommended for rural areas in West China.

Key words: rural domestic waste, production, treatment, West China, waste characteristics, waste collection by sort

中图分类号: