静乐县生态脆弱性时空演变与分区研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0469

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态脆弱性研究是区域生态环境恢复与治理的重要依据。基于人为-自然因素综合作用体系，选取表征人类活动、社会经济、植被、气象、土壤和地形地貌等14个因子构建静乐县生态脆弱性评价指标体系。运用空间主成分分析法，结合遥感数据和地理信息系统技术，对山西省静乐县2007和2017年生态脆弱性进行定量评价和分区，揭示区域生态脆弱性时空演变特征。结果表明：（1）通过主成分特征分析发现，地形起伏度、土壤侵蚀程度、人均耕地面积、年均降水量和人均GDP是影响研究区生态脆弱性的主要因素。（2）静乐县生态脆弱性类型主要由微度脆弱、轻度脆弱、中度脆弱和重度脆弱4类组成。2007年以轻度脆弱和中度脆弱为主，2017年以中度脆弱和重度脆弱为主。空间上均呈现"中部高-两边低"的格局。（3）研究期内，各类生态脆弱性等级相互转移的总面积为662.84 km²，以轻度和中度脆弱转移为主。轻度脆弱主要转向中度脆弱，转移面积为472.90 km²；中度脆弱主要转向重度脆弱，转移面积为187.65 km²。研究区空间上基本呈现"轻度向中度演变、中度向重度演变"的趋势，生态形势严峻。（4）根据时空演变特征将研究区划分为生态修复区、生态持平区和生态退化区。研究成果可为静乐县及同类型地区开展生态修复治理工作提供科学支撑和研究思路。

关键词: 生态脆弱性, 空间主成分分析, 时空演变, 分区, 静乐县

Abstract: Research on the eco-environment vulnerability assessment is an important basis for the regional ecological environment restoration and governance. Based on the interaction between man-made and natural factors, 14 indices were selected which can represent the human activities, social economy, vegetation, meteorology, soil and terrain landforms to construct the ecological vulnerability evaluation index system for Jingle County in Shanxi Province. The quantitative assessment and zoning of ecological vulnerability in 2007 and 2017 was calculated with the aid of spatial principal component analysis method, remote sensing data and geographic information technology. The characteristics of the spatio-temporal evolution of ecological vulnerability were also revealed. The results show that:(1) Through the analysis of principal component characteristics, elevation deviate degree, soil erosion degree, per capita area of cultivated farmland, annual average precipitation, and GDP per capita indices were the main factors affecting the ecological vulnerability of the study area. (2) The ecological vulnerability types in Jingle County were mainly composed of four types:slight, light, moderate and severe vulnerability. In 2007, it was mainly characterized by light vulnerability and moderate vulnerability, and in 2017 it was mainly characterized by moderate vulnerability and severe vulnerability. Spatially, the central area was more vulnerable than the surrounding area showing a declining trend from center to both sides of the middle part of the study area. (3) The total area of mutual shift between various types of ecological vulnerability was 662.84 km² from 2007 to 2017. The mutual transfer was mainly happening for light and moderate vulnerability. The light vulnerability mainly shifted to moderate vulnerability and moderate vulnerability mainly shifted to severe vulnerability, with the transfer areas of 472.90 and 187.65 km², respectively. The basic trend of "light to moderate evolution, moderate to severe evolution" in space showed that the ecological situation was severe. (4) According to the characteristics of spatio-temporal evolution, the ecological restoration area, balance area and degradation area were divided. This study can provide scientific support and research ideas for the development of ecological restoration and governance in Jingle County and similar areas.

Key words: ecological vulnerability, spatial principal component analysis, spatio-temporal evolution, zoning, Jingle County

中图分类号:

X826

刘慧, 师学义. 静乐县生态脆弱性时空演变与分区研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(1): 34-43.

LIU Hui, SHI Xue-yi. Spatio-temporal Evolution and Zoning of Ecological Vulnerability of Jingle County[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(1): 34-43.

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