江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区两栖动物资源现状及保护对策

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.1012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来我国两栖动物受胁迫物种增多，并且总体数量呈下降趋势，两栖动物及其栖息地保护迫在眉睫。为阐明鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区两栖动物资源现状，于2018年4、6和8月，运用样线法调查该区域两栖动物物种组成、种群数量及栖息地利用状况，以期为鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区两栖动物保护提出针对性建议。该研究共观测到两栖动物8种，隶属于1目4科，其中包括1种国家Ⅱ级保护动物〔虎纹蛙（Hoplobatrachus chinensis）〕及5种国家"三有"保护动物。泽陆蛙（Fejervarya multistriata）为保护区优势种（共计3 432只，占总个体数的64.93%）。两栖动物物种数、个体数和物种多样性在调查月份间无显著差异。而栖息地类型对两栖动物数量和Pielou均匀度指数具有显著影响。两栖动物对栖息地的偏好及自身生态位宽度是影响该地区两栖动物分布的主要因素。

关键词: 两栖动物, 物种多样性, 鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区, 保护对策

Abstract: In recent years, the number of threatened amphibians species have increased due to the rapid growth of the habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation. In order to clarify the current resources and habitat use of amphibians in Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve, and to make reasonable suggestions for the amphibian protection in the reserve, the line-transect method was used to determine amphibian species composition, number and diversity in April, June and August 2018. The results show that total of eight species which belonging to 1 order, 4 families were found in the reserve, including 1 national class Ⅱ protected species and 5 species that belong to state protected "beneficial or important economic or scientific valuable terrestrial wild animals". Hong Kong Rice-paddy Frog (Fejervarya multistriata) is the dominant species in the reserve (3 432 individuals which accounted for 64.93% of the total). There were no significant differences in amphibians species composition, quantity and diversity among different months, and there were significant differences in the amphibians quantity and Pielou evenness index among the three habitats. It could be concluded that amphibians have different distribution regions in the reserve due to their selectivity to habitat and difference of niche breadth. By this study the resource status and species diversity of amphibians in the reserve have basically been exploided, and on this basis, the threatened extrinsic factors on local amphibians have been analyzed, and reasonable suggestions for the protection and management to amphibians are put forward.

Key words: amphibians, species diversity, Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve, protection countermeasures

中图分类号:

X176

台德运, 刘研, 陈婉, 李宏. 江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区两栖动物资源现状及保护对策[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(8): 982-987.

TAI De-yun, LIU Yan, CHEN Wan, LI Hong. General Survey on the Resource and Protection Status of Amphibians in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(8): 982-987.

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