林窗大小对2种针叶林更新效果的初步分析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0256

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解采伐林窗对2种人工林更新效果的影响，在浙江省丽水市白云山选择生境条件基本一致的马尾松林和杉木林，以林下为对照，比较了通过采伐获得的不同大小林窗（50~500 m²）内人工和天然更新植物效果。结果表明：（1）10个人工更新树种在杉木林中生长优于马尾松林，马尾松林中枫香、无患子、山乌桕和细柄蕈树生长情况好于其他树种，杉木林中枫香、山乌桕、南方红豆杉、无患子和细柄蕈树生长情况好于其他树种。（2）林分类型显著影响南方红豆杉生长，特别是对树高的影响极为显著（P<0.01），林窗大小对木荷地径和树高均有显著影响（P<0.05），林分和林窗的交互作用对除朴树、闽楠和浙江楠外的其他树种均有显著影响。（3）不同大小林窗下天然更新植物物种数、Simpson生态优势度、Shannon多样性指数存在显著差异（P<0.05），林分类型对物种数和Shannon多样性指数具有显著影响（P<0.05），但对Simpson生态优势度没有影响。2种林分林窗间天然更新植物相似度介于0.4~0.9之间，同一林分林窗间物种相似度均大于林窗与对照之间。马尾松林阔叶化改造可采伐中等林窗（250 m²），目标更新树种可选枫香、无患子、细柄蕈树和木荷；杉木林以大（500 m²）或小林窗（50 m²）为主，可选树种有枫香、南方红豆杉、山乌桕、无患子和细柄蕈树。

关键词: 林窗, 针叶林, 更新, 物种多样性

Abstract: To clarify the effects of forest harvesting gap on the growth of 10 tree species planted and the regeneration of natural understory plants, 28 different size gaps (50-500 m²) were created and canopies were selected as controls in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations with identical habitats in Baiyun Mountain. The basal diameter and height of 10 tree species planted and understory plant diversity were investigated among the different forest gaps. The results show that (1) 10 tree species grew generally better in P. massoniana than in C. lanceolata plantation according to the comprehensive growth traits. Liquidambar formosana, Sapindus mukorossi, Sapium discolor and Altingia gracilipes grew better than the other tree species in P. massoniana plantation. L. formosana, S. discolor, Taxus chinensis var. mairei, S. mukorossi and A. gracilipes grew better than the others in C. lanceolata plantation. (2) The growth of T. chinensis var. mairei was significantly influenced by forest types, especially for the height (P<0.01). The basal diameter and height of Schima superba were significantly influenced by gap size (P<0.05). The interaction between forest type and gap size markedly affected the growth of tree species except for Celtis sinensis, Phoebe bournei and Phoebe chekiangensis. (3) The species richness, Simpson ecological dominance indices and Shannon diversity indices of natural understory plants differed significantly across the different size gaps (P<0.05). These indices except for Simpson ecological dominance indices were significantly influenced by the plantation types (P<0.05). The resembling coefficients of natural regeneration plants between the different size gaps were between 0.4 and 0.9 in two plantations. The resembling coefficients between the different size gaps were larger than that between in the gaps and at the control in the same plantation. The medium gaps with the size of 250 m² and the targeted tree species such as L. formosana, S. mukorossi, A. gracilipes and S. superba are recommended for broadleaved-oriented transformation of P. massoniana plantation. The large (500 m²) or small (50 m²) gaps and L. formosana, T. chinensis var. mairei, S. discolor, S. mukorossi and A. gracilipes are recommended for C. lanceolata plantation.

Key words: forest gap, coniferous plantation, regeneration, species diversity

中图分类号:

S756.5

刘伟, 王敏彪, 杜有新, 尤根彪, 王军峰, 练发良, 何小勇. 林窗大小对2种针叶林更新效果的初步分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(10): 1299-1306.

LIU Wei, WANG Min-biao, DU You-xin, YOU Gen-biao, WANG Jun-feng, LIAN Fa-liang , HE Xiao-yong. Preliminary Analysis on Regeneration Effects of Gap Size in Two Coniferous Plantations[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(10): 1299-1306.

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