云南腾冲北海湿地鸟类物种多样性与生境耦合特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0086

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 488-495.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0086

云南腾冲北海湿地鸟类物种多样性与生境耦合特征

慕震¹, 张蔚², 崔宁³, 闻苡¹, 张宇¹, 邵桦¹, 张衍亮¹, 王丹⁴, 张超¹, 成功¹, 戴蓉⁵, 冯金朝¹

1. 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081;
2. 云南省腾冲市北海湿地省级自然保护区管护局, 云南腾冲 679100;
3. 云南大学生命科学学院, 云南昆明 650500;
4. 台州学院生命科学学院/高等研究院土壤生态与修复研究所, 浙江台州 318000;
5. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 江苏南京 210042

收稿日期:2022-02-03 出版日期:2023-04-25 发布日期:2023-04-25
通讯作者: 戴蓉,E-mail:dairong@nies.org E-mail:dairong@nies.org
作者简介:慕震(1989-),男,陕西西安人,硕士,主要研究方向为湿地生物多样性。E-mail: hello_muzhen@126.com
基金资助:
生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目(2019-2023年)

Coupling Characteristics of Bird Species Diversity and Habitats in Beihai Wetland, Tengchong, Yunnan Province

MU Zhen¹, ZHANG Wei², CUI Ning³, WEN Yi¹, ZHANG Yu¹, SHAO Hua¹, ZHANG Yan-liang¹, WANG Dan⁴, ZHANG Chao¹, CHENG Gong¹, DAI Rong⁵, FENG Jin-chao¹

1. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China;
2. The Management and Protection Bureau of the Beihai Wetland Nature Reserve, Tengchong 679100, China;
3. School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
4. School of Life Science/Institute of Soil Ecology and Remediation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China;
5. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China

Received:2022-02-03 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-04-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 北海湿地是全球候鸟迁徙的中亚-印度、东亚-澳大利西亚路线的重要栖息停留地,是首批公布的33处国家重点湿地之一。采用样线法和样点法,结合观鸟网站及湿地管护局的野外调查记录,整理编目出北海湿地的鸟类名录。结果表明,北海湿地有鸟类188种,隶属17目54科125属。雀形目有110种,占总数的58.51%。水鸟有47种,占总数的25%。有31种鸟属于《国家重点保护野生动物名录》。使用鸟兽物种多样性测度的G-F指数对物种多样性进行评估,北海湿地鸟类G-F指数为0.825,鸟类物种多样性处于较高水平。平均区系相似性指数(AFR)结果显示,北海湿地毗邻生境的物种相似性较高,鸟类分布呈连续自然过渡。北海湿地的鸟类物种丰富度高,珍稀濒危鸟类资源丰富。北海湿地区域地理位置优越,生境类型多样,空间异质性高,符合斑块-廊道-基质的景观生态学模式,是鸟类物种丰富度高的重要条件。丰富的鸟类生物多样性促进了北海湿地生态系统的健康和稳定,两者起到相互维持的耦合关系。研究验证了小型湿地对鸟类生物多样性保护的重要意义,对保护区的规划发展具有重要参考价值。

关键词: 北海湿地, 鸟类物种丰富度, 珍稀濒危鸟类, 物种编目, 耦合

Abstract: Beihai Wetland is an important habitat stopping place on the Central Asia-India and East Asia-Australia routes of global migratory birds, and is one of the first announced 33 national key wetlands of China. Bird species inventory of Beihai Wetland is sorted out by using the method of sample line and sample point, combined with the field investigation records of bird watching websites and Beihai Wetland Management Institute. The results show that, in total, 188 bird species were recorded in Beihai Wetland. These birds belong to 17 orders, 54 families and 125 genera. Most species (110 species) belong to Passeriformes (accounting for 58.51% of the total). There are 47 waterbirds, accounting for 25% of the total bird species. 31 bird species are in the List of State Key Protected Wild Animal Species. The value of G-F index of bird biodiversity in Beihai Wetland is 0.825, indicating that the species richness is at a high level. The results of AFR show that species similarity in the adjacent habitats is high and the distribution of bird species presents a certain natural transition phenomenon. The bird species richness in Beihai Wetland is high and the resources of rare and endangered bird species are rich, owing to the superior geographical location, diverse habitat types, high spatial heterogeneity and rich bird food sources, which is in line with the patch-corridor-matrix model in landscape ecology. Rich bird biodiversity also promotes the functional health and stability of Beihai Wetland ecosystem. Bird biodiversity and habitats in Beihai Wetland are playing a coupling relationship of mutual maintenance. The present study verified the significance of small wetland to bird biodiversity protection. It can provide important reference for the planning, management and development of wetlands.

Key words: Beihai Wetland, bird species richness, rare and endangered birds, species inventory, coupling

中图分类号:

慕震, 张蔚, 崔宁, 闻苡, 张宇, 邵桦, 张衍亮, 王丹, 张超, 成功, 戴蓉, 冯金朝. 云南腾冲北海湿地鸟类物种多样性与生境耦合特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(4): 488-495.

MU Zhen, ZHANG Wei, CUI Ning, WEN Yi, ZHANG Yu, SHAO Hua, ZHANG Yan-liang, WANG Dan, ZHANG Chao, CHENG Gong, DAI Rong, FENG Jin-chao. Coupling Characteristics of Bird Species Diversity and Habitats in Beihai Wetland, Tengchong, Yunnan Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(4): 488-495.

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云南腾冲北海湿地鸟类物种多样性与生境耦合特征

Coupling Characteristics of Bird Species Diversity and Habitats in Beihai Wetland, Tengchong, Yunnan Province

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