农业土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯分布特征及影响因素综述

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0715

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)作为添加剂已被大量应用于农业投入品中,然而其却是一种具有"致癌、致畸、致突"作用的环境污染物。近年来,随着塑料制品的大量使用,PAEs已成为我国农业土壤中残留最多的有机污染物,引起了广泛关注。因此,了解当前我国农业土壤中PAEs污染现状,对于选用恰当的土壤修复技术有着重要的科学意义。该文在系统梳理我国各地区农膜使用量、农田土壤中 PAEs污染调查数据及不同蔬菜中不同种类PAEs含量的基础上,综述了全国尺度农业土壤中PAEs污染程度和分布特征,并通过对比统计分析的方法,得出典型区域农业土壤中PAEs浓度与农膜使用量、作物土地利用类型之间的响应关系。结果表明:(1)我国农业土壤已受到不同程度的PAEs污染,存在显著的区域差异;同时,我国农业土壤中PAEs浓度普遍高于国外,且邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)含量较高。(2)不同种类PAEs单体化合物在我国农业土壤中的分布具有空间规律。(3)我国农业土壤中PAEs分布特征主要受农膜使用量和农用地类型等宏观因素影响,也与土壤环境和PAEs单体理化性质等相关。

关键词: 农业土壤, 酞酸酯, 分布特征, 空间分布, 影响因素

Abstract: Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are extensively used as additives in agricultural inputs (e. g., plastic films and pesticides) and classified as endocrine disrupting chemicals with the effects of carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity. In recent years, as China is one of the largest consumers of plastic products, PAEs have become the dominant organic constituents in Chinese agricultural soils. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the current enrichment status of PAEs prior to identify appropriate remediation methods. Based on the systematic review of the usage of agricultural plastic film, the survey data of PAEs pollution in agricultural soil in the different regions of China and the concentrations of various types of PAEs in different vegetables, this paper summarized the pollution degree and the distribution characteristics of PAEs in agricultural soil at the national scale. Through statistical analysis, the relationship between the PAEs concentrations in agricultural soil and the amount of agricultural film used, and the land uses associated with crop types were obtained in typical regions in China. The results show that: (1) the concentrations of PAEs in agricultural soils in most regions are generally at higher levels with a significant regional discrepancy. The most frequently detected and the most abundant congeners are di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). (2) The different congeners of PAEs have unique transverse and vertical distribution patterns. (3) The distribution of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils is determined by factors such as plastic film mulching, agrotype, soil types, and properties of PAEs, etc.

Key words: agricultural soil, phthalate, distribution pattern, spatial distribution, influential factor

中图分类号:

史陈雪, 武倩倩, 刘泉利, 赵健, 周俊丽, 任加国, 刘玥. 农业土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯分布特征及影响因素综述[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2024, 40(1): 23-35.

SHI Chen-xue, WU Qian-qian, LIU Quan-li, ZHAO Jian, ZHOU Jun-li, REN Jia-guo, LIU Yue. Spatial Distributions and Factors of Phthalic Acid Esters in Agricultural Soils in China: A Review[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2024, 40(1): 23-35.

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