伴矿景天镉积累特征及其对根际土壤镉分布的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2023.0571

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 农田土壤镉(Cd)污染修复对粮食安全意义重大,伴矿景天(Sedum plumbizincicola)是我国发现和报道的Cd超积累植物。为探索不同生长期伴矿景天的Cd积累特征及其对根际土壤Cd剖面分布的影响,选择相同成土母质的中度和轻度Cd污染农田进行原位修复试验,分析伴矿景天分枝初期、分枝盛期、开花盛期、开花后期地上部生物量和Cd吸收情况及其根际土壤pH值与有效态Cd含量的剖面分布特征。结果表明,伴矿景天的生物量、Cd含量及Cd积累量均不会随着种植时间延长而升高。轻度Cd污染农田伴矿景天开花盛期株高可超过60 cm,地上部单株鲜重可达1.59 kg,单株地上部Cd积累量达2.26 mg。伴矿景天不同部位比较而言,花的Cd含量最高,开花盛期中度和轻度Cd污染农田伴矿景天花的Cd含量分别是其他部位的1.60~3.42倍和1.88~6.53倍。中度和轻度Cd污染农田伴矿景天地上部Cd积累量在4个生长期均差异显著,分别于分枝盛期和开花盛期达最大值。根际土壤pH值和有效态Cd含量均随着土层深度的增加表现为先降低再升高,近根区略低于远根区。中度Cd污染农田土壤pH值在分枝初期最低,近根区＞2~6 cm土壤pH值为4.37~4.43,而土壤有效态Cd含量在分枝盛期最低,近根区为0.16~0.31 mg·kg^-1,变异系数最小(26.5%)。土壤pH值降低有利于伴矿景天对Cd的吸收,生物量是影响伴矿景天修复效率的关键因素。

关键词: 伴矿景天, 根际, 剖面, 生长期, 修复效率

Abstract: The remediation of Cd contamination in farmland soil is of great significance to the safety of food production. Sedum plumbizincicola is a Cd hyperaccumulator discovered and reported in China. This study explored the characteristics of cadmium accumulation in S. plumbizincicola at different growth periods and its effects on available Cd content in rhizospheric soil. Moderately and lightly Cd contaminated farmland with the same parent material were selected for in-situ phytoremediation experiments, the aboveground biomass and Cd absorption of S. plumbizincicola were analyzed at early branching, branching peak, flowering peak and late flowering growth period, as well as the profiles distribution characteristics of soil pH and available Cd content in rhizospheric soil. The results show that: the biomass, Cd content and the amount of Cd accumulation in aboveground of S. plumbizincicola did not increase with the extension of planting time. The plant height of S. plumbizincicola in lightly Cd contaminated farmland was more than 60 cm at flowering peak period, and its fresh weight of one plant was up to 1.59 kg, and the amount of Cd accumulation in one plant was more than 2.26 mg. The highest Cd content in S. plumbizincicola was found in flowers, and the Cd contents of flowers in moderately and lightly Cd contaminated farmland were 1.60-3.42 times and 1.88-6.53 times of that in other parts, respectively at flowering peak period. There were significant differences in the amount of Cd accumulation in aboveground parts of S. plumbizincicola in moderately and lightly Cd contaminated farmland during the 4 growth periods, and the maximum Cd accumulation was at the peak of branching period and flowering period, respectively. The profile distribution characteristics of soil pH and available Cd content in rhizospheric soil firstly decreased and then increased with the increasing of soil depth and that near the root zone is slightly lower than far from the root zone. The soil pH in moderately Cd contaminated farmland was the lowest at the early branching period, and the soil pH of ＞2-6 cm near the root zone was 4.37-4.43, and the available Cd content was the lowest at the branching peak period, was 0.16-0.31 mg·kg^-1 near the root zone and its coefficient of variation was the lowest (26.5%). The decrease of soil pH is beneficial to the Cd absorption by S. plumbizincicola, and the biomass is the key factor affecting the phytoremediation efficiency of S. plumbizincicola.

Key words: Sedum plumbizincicola, rhizosphere, profile, growth period, phytoremediation efficiency

中图分类号:

曹雪莹, 杨佳, 谭长银, 刘路路, 程学宇, 马军. 伴矿景天镉积累特征及其对根际土壤镉分布的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2024, 40(4): 572-580.

CAO Xue-ying, YANG Jia, TAN Chang-yin, LIU Lu-lu, CHENG Xue-yu, MA Jun. Characteristics of Cadmium Accumulation in Sedum plumbizincicola and Its Effects on Cadmium Distributions in Rhizospheric Soil[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2024, 40(4): 572-580.

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