生草对油橄榄根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌多样性的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0199

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

果园生草制可提高丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）侵染果树，而AMF侵染可促进果树营养吸收。为了给油橄榄园筛选菌根侵染率高的草种，探究生草对油橄榄根际土壤AMF多样性的影响，以盆栽油橄榄根系和根际土壤为研究对象，采用盆内移栽油橄榄苗，环形穴播不同牧草（白三叶、红三叶和百喜草）的方式进行了探究。结果表明：从4种间作处理的油橄榄根际土中共分离鉴定出4属19种AMF，其中无梗囊霉属（Acaulospora）和球囊霉属（Glomus）是油橄榄根际土壤AMF的优势属；近明球囊霉（Glomus claroideum）、缩球囊霉（Glomus constrictum）、孔窝无梗囊霉（Acaulospora foveata）、明球囊霉（Glomus clarum）、脆无梗囊霉（Acaulospora delicate）和稀有内养囊霉（Entrophospora infrequens）为油橄榄根际土壤AMF的优势种。不同生草处理油橄榄AMF的种类和优势种上均表现出较大差异，其中间作百喜草和红三叶处理的油橄榄AMF种类最多，生草种类对油橄榄根际土中AMF多样性产生重要影响，间作百喜草处理油橄榄根际AMF的物种多样性高于其他处理。生草促进了油橄榄根际土壤中AMF对油橄榄根的侵染，使AMF孢子密度增加。间作百喜草和白三叶处理的总球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白（T-GRSP）含量显著高于红三叶和无草处理；间作百喜草、白三叶和红三叶处理的易提取球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白（EE-GRSP）含量均显著高于无草处理。果园生草能增加油橄榄根际土中土壤微生物量，特别是间作百喜草处理对微生物量磷以及间作白三叶和红三叶处理对微生物量氮的影响较为明显；间作百喜草对油橄榄根际AMF的增进效果好于间作白三叶、红三叶和无草种植。可见，生草提高了油橄榄根际土壤AMF多样性，且以间作白喜草效果最为显著。

关键词: 丛枝菌根, 生草, 油橄榄, 根际, 真菌多样性

Abstract:

Sod-culture can increase the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) infection of fruit trees, and AMF infection can promote the nutrient absorption of fruit trees. In order to provide theoretical support for the selection of herbage species with higher mycorrhizal infection rate in olive orchard, and to explore the influence of sod-culture on the AMF species diversity in the rhizosphere soil, the olive root system and rhizosphere soil was used as the research object in this study, with the olive seedlings cultivated in pots, and different grasses(including Paspalum notatum, Trifolium repens and Trifolium pratense) intercropped around the seedlings. The results showed that total of 19 species of AMF belonging to 4 genera in the rhizosphere in the four treatments being identified, Among them G. salsum and G. glomus were the dominant genera;Glomus claroideum, Glomus constrictum, Acaulospora foveata, Glomus clarum, Acaulospora delicate, Entrophospora infrequens were the dominant species. There were significant differences in the types and dominant species of AMF in different sod-culture treatments. The intercropped species of grasses had an important impact on the diversity of AMF, and the species diversity of AMF in the rhizosphere of the olive treated by intercropping bahia grass was higher than that of other treatments. Sod-culture promoted AMF infection of root system of olives and increased the spore density. The content of T-GRSP in the soil that intercropping bahia grass and white clover was significantly higher than that intercropping red clover and no grass;the content of EE-GRSP in the soil that intercropping bahia grass, white clover and red clover was significantly higher than that of no grass. Sod-culture increased soil microbial biomass in the rhizosphere soil of olive, among them intercropping bahia grass promoted the microbial biomass phosphorus and intercropping leguminous grasses promoted microbial biomass nitrogen significantly. Overall, sod-culture improved the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizospheric soil of olive, and the improving effect on AMF diversity of intercropping bahia grass was better than that of the other treatments.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF), sod-culture, olive, rhizosphere, fungal diversity

中图分类号:

焦润安, 李朝周, 刘高顺, 闫士朋, 焦健. 生草对油橄榄根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌多样性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(4): 459-468.

JIAO Run-an, LI Chao-zhou, LIU Gao-shun, YAN Shi-peng, JIAO Jian. The Effect of Sod-Culture on the Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Rhizospheric Soil of Olive[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(4): 459-468.

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