抗虫-耐除草剂转基因玉米种植对根际土壤细菌和真菌群落的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0042

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 全生育期种植抗虫基因cry1Ab/cry2Aj和耐除草剂基因G10evo-spsps的转基因玉米及其亲本非转基因玉米，采用定量聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和高通量测序技术，测定玉米拔节期和成熟期根际土壤细菌和真菌群落数量、组成及多样性，研究种植抗虫耐除草剂转基因玉米对根际土壤微生物的影响。结果表明，种植转基因玉米未显著影响根际土壤理化性质、土壤荧光素二乙酸酯水解酶活性、微生物群落丰度及多样性；在门水平上，种植转基因玉米仅显著提高2个生长时期根际土壤细菌放线菌门（Actinobacteria）相对丰度；在属水平上，种植转基因玉米均显著降低2个生长时期根际土壤细菌Candidatus_Nitrososphaera相对丰度；种植转基因玉米未影响真菌门水平相对丰度，但影响根际土壤真菌Fusarium、Staphylotrichum和Lophiostoma属相对丰度。另外，生长时期显著影响根际土壤可溶性有机碳和全氮含量，也显著影响根际土壤细菌群落组成和多样性，但未显著影响根际土壤真菌群落组成和多样性。该研究旨在为转基因作物产业化的自然生态风险管理和控制提供基础数据和理论支撑。

关键词: 复合性状转基因作物, 根际环境, 高通量测序, 细菌, 真菌, 微生物多样性

Abstract: Transgenic maize with insect-resistant gene cry1Ab/cry2Aj and herbicide-tolerant gene G10evo-spsps was planted during the whole growth period. In order to investigate the effect of planting insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant transgenic maize on rhizospheric microbial communities, quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing technologies were employed to analyze the community abundance and composition of bacteria and fungi in maize rhizosphere soils at the jointing and mature stages. The isogenic non-transgenic maize was chosen as the control. Results show that planting transgenic maize had no significant impact on the rhizospheric soil physicochemical properties, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase activity, microbial community abundance and microbial community diversity. At the phylum level, planting transgenic maize significantly increased the relative abundance of rhizospheric Actinobacteria at the jointing and mature stages; at the genus level, planting transgenic maize significantly decreased the relative abundance of rhizospheric Candidatus_Nitrososphaera at the jointing and mature stages. Planting transgenic maize had no impact on fungal taxa at the phylum level, but significantly affected the relative abundance of Fusarium, Staphylotrichum and Lophiostoma at the genus level. In addition, growth stage significantly affected rhizospheric soil dissolved organic carbon and total nitrogen contents; rhizospheric bacterial (rather than fungal community composition and diversity) also affected by growth stage. The findings could provide basic data and theoretical support for the management and control of natural ecological risk of genetically modified crop industrialization.

Key words: stacked traits transgenic crop, rhizosphere environment, high-throughput sequencing, bacteria, fungus, microbial diversity

中图分类号:

洪鑫, 韩成, 孔帆, 周丰武, 吴少松, 钟文辉, 刘标. 抗虫-耐除草剂转基因玉米种植对根际土壤细菌和真菌群落的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(3): 358-366.

HONG Xin, HAN Cheng, KONG Fan, ZHOU Feng-wu, WU Shao-song, ZHONG Wen-hui, LIU Biao. Effects of Insect-resistant and Herbicide-tolerant Transgenic Maize on Rhizospheric Bacterial and Fungal Communities[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(3): 358-366.

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