生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 80-83.doi:

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

P肥施入土壤后的变化进程及对P淋失的影响

周全来, 赵牧秋, 鲁彩艳, 史奕, 陈欣   

  1. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所
  • 收稿日期:2006-04-06 出版日期:2006-07-25 发布日期:2011-08-10
  • 通讯作者: 陈欣 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所
  • 作者简介:周全来(1974-),男,黑龙江鸡西人,硕士生,主要从事哦农田土壤P素循环过程研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(30470336);;中国科学院陆地生态过程重点实验室基金资助

Change of P fertilizer After Application Into Soil and Its Influence on P Leaching Loss

 ZHOU  Quan-Lai, ZHAO  Mu-Qiu, LU  Cai-Yan, SHI  Yi, CHEN  Xin   

  1. Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Received:2006-04-06 Online:2006-07-25 Published:2011-08-10
  • Contact: CHEN Xin Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences

摘要: 对施入不同剂量P肥的稻田土壤进行培养,测定不同时期土壤O lsen-P和CaC l2-P含量变化。结果表明,在施P量为100~600 kg·hm-2条件下,200 d时不同处理土壤O lsen-P含量降低量均接近于施P后的50%,不同施P量下土壤对O lsen-P的固定量均接近50%,表明在本试验施P量范围内该土壤仍未达到P吸附饱和,土壤对O lsen-P的固定量与施P量近似呈正比;当施P量低时,CaC l2-P含量低,且变化不明显;当施P量高于400 kg·hm-2时,CaC l2-P含量迅速增高。随着施P量提高,进入土壤缓效P库的比例降低,而进入速效P库和可溶性P库的比例增加,土壤对P的固定能力也逐渐降低,产生P损失的可能性增加,易于导致面源污染。预测结果表明,该土壤发生P素地表径流损失及在亚表层径流中P浓度猛增的O lsen-P含量“转折点”为81.3 kg·hm-1,与其对应的施P量约为524 kg·hm-2。可见,该土壤施P量一旦高于500 kg·hm-2,通过各种途径产生P损失的可能性增加。

关键词: 稻田, 土壤, 施肥, P, 淋失, 控制

Abstract: Paddy soil samples applied with different rates of P fertilizer were incubated and examined for changes in contents of OlsenP and CaCl2-P at different time periods.Results show that in 200 days,soil Olsen-P decreased by about 50% in all the treatments.When P application rate was low,the content of CaCl2-P was low and did not varied much.But when P application rate exceeded 400 kg·hm-2,the content of CaCl2-P rose rapidly.With the increasing P application rate,the proportion of the applied P entering into the P pool of residual P was decreasing,whereas those into the pools of dissolved P and Olsen-P were increasing,so the probability of P losing into water that may induce non-point pollution is increasing.The "change point" value of Olsen-P content that can indicate soil P loss into surface runoff and rapid increase in P content in subsurface drainage is 81.3 mg·kg-1,and the corresponding P application rate is about 524 kg·hm-2.So,if P application is above 500 kg·hm-2,the possibility of soil P loss in different ways is increasing.

Key words: paddy field, soil, application of fertilizer, P, leaching, control

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