稻麦轮作磷肥减施下水稻土磷素生物有效性特征

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.07.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤磷素化学分级提取方法被广泛应用于磷素状态及特征分析，但相关提取方法缺乏土壤根际过程的表征。基于磷素的根际过程特点，采用一种磷素生物有效性（the biologically-based phosphorus，BBP）分级方法，研究太湖稻麦轮作区磷肥减施定位试验田实施7 a后麦季收获期土壤磷素生物有效性及其影响因素。结果表明：就宜兴试验田而言，稻季不施磷麦季施磷处理（PW）CaCl₂-P含量与稻麦季均施磷处理（PR+W）之间无显著差异，Citrate-P、HCl-P和Enzyme-P含量则差异显著（P<0.05）。就常熟试验田而言，不同磷肥减施方式对各磷组分含量总体无显著影响，仅Pzero处理HCl-P含量与PR+W处理相比明显降低。两块试验田用BBP法提取的4种土壤磷组分含量与有效磷含量之间的决定系数（R²）不同：宜兴有效磷主要来自Citrate-P（R²=0.587，P<0.01）、HCl-P（R²=0.587，P<0.01）和Enzyme-P（R²=0.531，P<0.01），常熟有效磷主要来自HCl-P（R²=0.386，P<0.05）和Citrate-P（R²=0.280，P<0.05）。4种磷组分含量由大到小依次为HCl-P、Citrate-P、Enzyme-P和CaCl₂-P。冗余分析结果表明，土壤pH、碱性磷酸酶（S-ALP）是影响磷组分变化的重要因素，与土壤磷组分间存在一定的正相关关系。认为该研究结果能加深对减磷条件下土壤磷素生物有效性的理解。

关键词: 生物分级, 生物有效性, 环境因子, 麦季, 水稻土

Abstract:

Chemical soil phosphorus (P) extraction has been widely used to characterize and understand changes in soil P fractions, however lacking adequately capture rhizosphere processes. Relying on two reduced P-input experimental stations in Taihu rice-wheat cropping rotation area, the biologically-based phosphorus (BBP) grading method was used to evaluate the availability and influencing factors of soil P during wheat-growing stage. The trial of long-term positioning P fertilizer reduction has been conducted for 7 years. The results show that, in Yixing Station, CaCl₂-P in soil treated with P fertilization at wheat season only (PW) had no significant difference with soil treated at both rice and wheat seasons (PR+W), while Citrate-P and HCl-P as well as Enzyme-P under PW treatments were significantly low (P<0.05). As for Changshu Station, no significant differences were shown between three P-reducing treatments and PR+W; only Pzero treatment significantly reduced the concentration of soil HCl-P. Correlation coefficients between four BBP fractions and Olsen-P at two stations were different. Olsen-P was mainly from Citrate-P (R²=0.587, P<0.01), HCl-P (R²=0.587, P<0.01) and Enzyme-P (R²=0.531, P<0.01) in Yixing, while mainly from HCl-P (R²=0.386, P<0.05) and Citrate-P (R²=0.280, P<0.05) in Changshu. The concentration of four BBP fractions followed the order of HCl-P > Citrate-P>Enzyme-P > CaCl₂-P. Furthermore, RDA showed that soil alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) activity and pH were the dominant factors for the changes in soil P, and correlated with soil P fractions positively. These results may be helpful for understanding of the changes in soil P status while P-input was reducing.

Key words: phosphorus fractionation, bioavailability, environmental factor, wheat-growing season, paddy soil

中图分类号:

X501

袁佳慧, 汪玉, 王慎强, 赵品恒, 王宏燕, 陈浩, 朱文彬. 稻麦轮作磷肥减施下水稻土磷素生物有效性特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(7): 599-605.

YUAN Jia-hui, WANG Yu, WANG Shen-qiang, ZHAO Pin-heng, WANG Hong-yan, CHEN Hao, ZHU Wen-bin. Characteristic of Soil P Availability in Reduced P-Input Rice-Wheat Cropping Rotation Paddy Soils[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(7): 599-605.

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