模拟酸雨对磷基材料稳定化土壤Cu、Cd、Pb和P活性的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.05.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究酸雨淋溶前后不同磷基材料对土壤重金属稳定化的影响，通过室内土柱淋溶实验，考察不同pH值酸雨淋溶前后磷酸二氢钾（PDP）和羟基磷灰石（HAP）稳定化重金属污染土壤pH值、重金属和P有效活性的变化。结果表明：PDP和HAP增加了土壤pH值和速效P含量，降低了土壤有效态Cu、Cd和Pb含量，促进了重金属由活性态向非活性态和潜在活性态转化，但pH=3.5的酸雨使PDP和HAP处理土壤pH值降低0.45和0.47，且酸雨淋溶降低了PDP处理速效P含量，提高了土壤有效态Cu和Cd含量；酸雨淋溶使HAP处理土壤总Cu含量和CK处理总Cd含量分别降低14.5%~15.9%和20.4%~26.5%，但增加了HAP和PDP处理离子交换态Cu和Pb含量；PDP和HAP处理显著增加了土壤总P、树脂P、HCl结合态P和残渣态P含量，但酸雨淋溶降低了PDP处理总P和树脂P含量，显著增加了HAP和PDP处理土壤稳定态P含量（P<0.05）。模拟酸雨作用下HAP较PDP处理对Pb和Cd具有更好的稳定化效果和更低的P释放风险，具有更好的应用潜力。

关键词: 模拟酸雨, 磷基材料, 重金属, 磷, 有效性

Abstract:

In order to assess the immobilization efficiency of heavy metals before and after leaching with acid rain, changes of soil pH, availability of Cu, Cd, Pb and P and their chemical fractions under simulated acid rain (SAR) with pH of 3.5, 4.5 and 5.6 were investigated through a leaching experiment for phosphorus-based materials amended soil. Results show that applications of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) significantly increased soil pH and available P, and decreased available Cu, Cd, and Pb by the transformation of them from the active fractions to the inactive ones. Soil pH values in PDP-3.5 and HAP-3.5 treated soils were decreased by 0.45 and 0.47 unit than PDP and HAP soils, respectively. Available P was decreased and available of Cu and Cd were increased in PDP treated columns with leaching of SAR(P<0.05). Soil total Cu in HAP treated columns and total Cd in control columns were decreased by 14.5%-15.9% and 20.4%-26.5%, respectively, and exchangeable fraction of Cu and Pb in HAP and PDP treated columns were increased with leaching of SAR. Soil total P, resin-P, HCl-P, and residual-P were increased with the application of HAP and PDP. Soil resin-P and total P, however, were decreased in PDP treated columns, and stable P was increased significantly in HAP and PDP treated columns after leaching with SAR(P<0.05). The findings of the study indicated higher immobilization efficiency of Cu, Cd, and Pb and lower release risk of P was found in HAP than PDP under leaching of SAR.

Key words: simulated acid rain, phosphorus-based material, heavy metal, phosphorus, availability

中图分类号:

范玉超, 夏睿智, 刘薇, 李如艳, 吴求刚, 张雪. 模拟酸雨对磷基材料稳定化土壤Cu、Cd、Pb和P活性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(5): 441-447.

FAN Yu-chao, XIA Rui-zhi, LIU Wei, LI Ru-yan, WU Qiu-gang, ZHANG Xue. Effects of Simulated Acid Rain on the Availability of Cu, Cd, Pb and P in a Contaminated Soil Immobilized by Phosphorus-Based Materials[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(5): 441-447.

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