堆肥物以及堆肥物与铁屑联用原位修复硝酸盐污染地下水研究

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对地下水硝酸盐污染问题，借助柱实验开展堆肥物以及堆肥物与铁屑联用（以下简称堆肥物+铁屑）分别用于原位生物修复的动态模拟研究，考察生物反硝化的运行效果，探讨水化学参数的变化，分析硝酸盐的转化过程，确认地下水流速和进水硝酸盐浓度的影响，力求拓展纤维素类固体有机碳源的种类和提高纤维素固体有机碳源的反硝化速率。结果表明，堆肥物与堆肥物+铁屑引起的NO₃^-去除率分别为75.08%~79.57%和82.24%~86.48%。堆肥物用于原位生物反硝化可行且高效，而且堆肥物+铁屑通过氢自养反硝化更能增强NO₃^-的去除。堆肥物与堆肥物+铁屑引起的反硝化速率分别为9.69和11.30 g·m^-3·d^-1，显著高于锯屑的反硝化速率（0.30 g·m^-3·d^-1）。25~100 d时，堆肥物引起的总有机碳（TOC）质量浓度增量始终≤ 18.34 mg·L^-1。在运行期间（0~100 d），堆肥物引起出水pH值始终低于进水值。堆肥物+铁屑引起TOC和pH值的变化展现出了与堆肥物相似的规律。运行10 d后，堆肥物以及堆肥物+铁屑将绝大部分NO₃^--N转化为气态氮。渗流速度和进水NO₃^-浓度显著影响堆肥物以及堆肥物+铁屑的生物反硝化效果。

关键词: 堆肥物, 铁屑, 地下水, 原位生物修复, 动态模拟

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of nitrate contamination in groundwater, dynamic simulation column studies on compost and compost+iron chip promoting in-situ bio-remediation were carried out. The objectives were to investigate the operating performances, to explore the changes in hydrochemical parameters, to analyze the transformation processes of nitrate, to identify the effects of groundwater velocity and influent nitrate concentration, to broaden the types of fiber-based solid organic carbon sources and to improve their denitrification rates. Results show that NO₃^- removal efficiencies of compost and compost+iron chip were 75.08%-79.57% and 82.24%-86.48%, respectively. Using compost for in-situ biological denitrification is feasible and efficient, and compost+iron chip performs better for nitrate removal via hydrogenotrophic denitrification. At the beginning of operation (≤ 8 d), compost readily led to the effluent NO₂^- concentration above the Chinese drinking water standard (GB 5749-2006), and meanwhile compost+iron chip readily resulted in the effluent NH₄⁺ concentration above the Chinese drinking water standard (GB 5749-2006). Denitrification rates of compost and compost+iron chip were 9.69 and 11.30 g·m^-3·d^-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than the value of saw dust (0.30 g·m^-3·d^-1). Total organic carbon (TOC) increment (≤ 18.34 mg·L^-1) was kept stable during the period of 25-100 d for compost. During the period of 0-100 d for operation, effluent pH was always lower than the corresponding influent value for compost. The similar trends of TOC and pH were observed for compost+iron chip. After 10 d, most of the influent NO₃^--N was transformed into gaseous nitrogen in the presence of compost and compost+iron chip, respectively. Removal efficiency decreased from 76.84% to 48.32% for compost and from 85.22% to 55.98% for compost+iron chip with Darcy velocity increasing from 0.5 to 2.0 m·d^-1. Removal efficiency decreased from 76.44% to 44.87% for compost and from 85.42% to 65.46% for compost+iron chip with influent NO₃^- concentration increasing from 100.58 to 301.02 mg·L^-1. Darcy velocity and influent nitrate concentration both have significant effects in biological denitrification performance of compost and compost+iron chip, respectively.

Key words: compost, iron chip, groundwater, in-situ bio-remediation, dynamic simulation

中图分类号:

X523

李爽, 詹琪, 任建新, 马会强. 堆肥物以及堆肥物与铁屑联用原位修复硝酸盐污染地下水研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(3): 260-266.

LI Shuang, ZHAN Qi, REN Jian-xin, MA Hui-qiang. Studies on Compost and Compost+Iron Chip In-situ Bio-Remediating Nitrate-Contaminated Groundwater[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(3): 260-266.

参考文献

[1] 侯卫龙,周鸿翔,施加春,等.碳源、温度及水力停留时间对地下水硝酸盐的去除效果[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,40(3):314-321.[HOU Wei-long,ZHOU Hong-xiang,SHI Jia-chun,et al.Effects of Carbon Sources,Temperature and Hydraulic Retention Time on Nitrate Removal From Groundwater[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture & Life Sciences),2014,40(3):314-321.]
[2] 张建美,郝会玲.地下水硝酸盐生物处理技术研究进展[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2014,11(1):24-27.[ZHANG Jian-mei,HAO Hui-ling.The Progress of Bioremediation for Removal Nitrate From Groundwater[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2014,11(1):24-27.]
[3] ELEFSINIOTIS P,LI D.The Effect of Temperature and Carbon Source on Denitrification Using Volatile Fatty Acids[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2006,28(2):148-155.
[4] KHAN I A,SPALDING R F.Enhanced In-situ Denitrification for a Municipal Well[J].Water Research,2004,38(14/15):3382-3388.
[5] 董林,张胜花,马璐瑶,等.基于固态碳源强化作用下的反硝化系统应用研究进展[J].水处理技术,2015,41(9):7-13.[DONG Lin,ZHANG Sheng-hua,MA Lu-yao,et al.Research Progress on the Applications of Denitrifying Installations Using Solid Organic Matters as Carbon Sources[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2015,41(9):7-13.]
[6] 徐锁洪,施巍.以稻壳为载体培养反硝化菌及硝酸盐氮的去除[J].大连铁道学院学报,2001,22(4):98-101.[XU Suo-hong,SHI Wei.Nitrate Removal and Denitrification Bacteria Cultivation Using Rice Chaff as a Medium[J].Journal of Dalian Railway Institute,2001,22(4):98-101.]
[7] 邵留,徐祖信,金伟,等.农业废物反硝化固体碳源的优选[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(5):748-754.[SHAO Liu,XU Zu-xin,JIN Wei,et al.Optimization of Solid Carbon Source for Denitrification of Agriculture Wastes[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(5):748-754.]
[8] 张雯,张亚平,尹琳,等.以10种农业废弃物为基料的地下水反硝化碳源属性的实验研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,37(5):1787-1797.[ZHANG Wen,ZHANG Ya-ping,YIN Lin,et al.The Characteristics of Carbon sources for Denitrification in Groundwater From Ten Kinds of Agricultural Wastes[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,37(5):1787-1797.]
[9] 杨延梅,吴鹏宇.秸秆堆肥腐殖土PRB修复地下水硝酸盐污染研究[J].水资源保护,2016,32(6):93-97.[YANG Yan-mei,WU Peng-yu.Remidiation of Nitrate Pollution of Groundwater With Straw Compost Humus PRB[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(6):93-97.]
[10] FERNÁNDEZ-NAVA Y,MARAÑÍN E,SOONS J,et al.Denitrification of High Nitrate Concentration Wastewater Using Alternative Carbon Sources[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,173(1/2/3):682-688.
[11] DELLA R C,BELGIORNO V,MERIC S.An Heterotrophic/Autotrophic Denitrification (HAD) Approach for Nitrate Removal From Drinking Water[J].Process Biochemistry,2006,41(5):1022-1028.
[12] TILL B A,WEATHERS L J,ALVAREZ P J J.Fe(0)-Supported Autotrophic Denitrification[J].Environmental Science & Technology,1998,32(5):634-639.
[13] DESIMONE L A,HOWES B L.Nitrogen Transport and Transformations in a Shallow Aquifer Receiving Wastewater Discharge:A Mass Balance Approach[J].Water Resources Research,1998,34(2):271-285.
[14] 朱明石,周少奇.厌氧氨氧化-反硝化协同脱氮研究[J].化工环保,2008,28(3):214-217.[ZHU Ming-shi,ZHOU Shao-qi.Study on Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation-Denitrification Synergistic Interaction[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2008,28(3):214-217.]
[15] 李思倩,路立,王芬,等.低温反硝化过程中pH对亚硝酸盐积累的影响[J].环境化学,2016,35(8):1657-1662.[LI Si-qian,LU Li,WANG Fen,et al.Effect of pH on Nitrite Accumulation During Denitrification at Low Temperature[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(8):1657-1662.]
[16] 李桂荣,薛素勤,方虎,等.生物滴滤池不同进水负荷处理生活污水试验研究[J].水处理技术,2011,37(11):84-87.[LI Gui-rong,XUE Su-qin,FANG Hu,et al.Study on Different Influent Loading of Bio-Tricking Filter[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2011,37(11):84-87.]
[17] 张耀斌,吴广华,邢亚彬,等.COD进水浓度对SBMBBR脱氮除磷效果影响[J].大连理工大学学报,2008,48(3):329-333.[ZHANG Yao-wu,WU Guang-hua,XING Ya-bin,et al.Effect of COD Concentration on Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal in SBMBBR[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2008,48(3):329-333.]