行道树对武夷山公路边茶园重金属污染的防护效果

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.04.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

比较了武夷山路边茶园无行道树（A区）和有行道树（B区）的2个区域土壤和茶叶中Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Cr、和Mn含量随距路基距离变化的趋势。结果显示：行道树的截留对于重金属的相关性和主成分分析结果有重要影响。6种重金属中Pb、Cu、和Zn主要受交通环境影响，Mn和Cr受土壤母质和交通环境的影响，Cd受肥料与交通环境的影响。A区茶叶中重金属分布最能反映交通相关源重金属的扩散结果，Pb和Zn的最大含量值出现在距路基50~80 m区域。不论何种来源的重金属，单行杉树都能使距路基1~150 m区域的茶园内茶叶重金属平均含量降低22%~37%，也能使Pb和Zn的最大含量值区域从距路基50~80 m减小到1~10 m。这可能与行道树直接影响重金属的扩散和通过影响碳酸盐污染物扩散而间接影响路边土壤pH值的双重作用有关。在靠近公路的茶树种植区建立适当的绿篱有助于减少茶树中交通源重金属的污染，提高茶叶质量。

关键词: 公路, 行道树, 茶园, 重金属, 汽车尾气

Abstract:

In order to study protective effect of roadside tree lines on heavy metals pollution (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr and Mn) to roadside tea gardens in Wuyishan, samples of soils and tea leaves were collected from two neighboring sections of a roadside tea plantation, of which one has a roadside tree line (Section B) and the other does not (Section A). With an ICP-MS, concentrations of these heavy metals in the samples were measured. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis of heavy metals in the soil and tea leaves differed in result between Section A and Section B, which may be attributed to the effect of the roadside tree lines intercepting pollutants from the road. The principal component analysis reveals that concentrations of the six heavy metals in the samples, that Pb, Cu and Zn was mainly affected by traffic, while that of Mn and Cr by both traffic and geological background, and that of Cd by both traffic and fertilization. Moreover, it was also found that a single row of fir trees along the roadside in Section B could reduce not only the mean concentrations of heavy metals in the tea trees 1-150 m away from the roadbed, but also the range of maximal concentrations of Zn and Pb alongside the road from 50-80 m down to 1-10 m, which was possibly attributed directly to the effect of the roadside tree line intercepting pollutants from the traffic and indirect to its interception of carbonate dispersal affecting soil pH. Obviously, decreasing the concentrations of traffic related heavy metals in tea and improving quality of the tea in roadside tea gardens can be achieved through planting roadside trees alongside the road in the tea gardens.

Key words: highway, roadside tree, tea plantation, heavy metals, automobile exhaust

中图分类号:

X131.3
X56

郑茂钟, 汤秀梅, 叶宏萌. 行道树对武夷山公路边茶园重金属污染的防护效果[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(4): 371-379.

ZHENG Mao-zhong, TANG Xiu-mei, YE Hong-meng. Protective Effects of Roadside Tree Lines on Heavy Metals Pollution to Roadside Tea Gardens in Wuyishan[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(4): 371-379.

参考文献

[1] MARCOS A,FISHER A,REA G,et al.Preliminary Study Using Trace Element Concentrations and a Chemometrics Approach to Determine the Geographical Origin of Team[J].Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,1998,13(6):521-525.
[2] BOEHM K.Green Tea for the Prevention of Cancer[J].Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine,2010,3(1):53.
[3] ALMAJANO M P,VILA I,GINES S.Neuroprotective Effects of White Tea Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Toxicity in Striatal Cells[J].Neurotoxicity Research,2011,20(4):372-378.
[4] TSUNG O,CHENG M D.Why Did Green Tea Not Protect Against Coronary Artery Disease but Protect Against Myocardial Infarction[J].The American Journal of Cardiology,2003,91(10):1290-1291.
[5] NING P,GONG C,ZHANG Y,et al.Lead,Cadmium,Arsenic,Mercury and Copper Levels in Chinese Yunnan Pu'er Tea[J].Food Additives & Contaminants:Part B:Surveillance,2011,4(1):28-33.
[6] HAN W Y,SHI Y Z,MA L F,et al.Arsenic,Cadmium,Chromium,Cobalt,and Copper in Different Types of Chinese Tea[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2005,75(2):272-277.
[7] QIN F,CHEN W.Lead and Copper Levels in Tea Samples Marketed in Beijing,China[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2007,78(2):128-131.
[8] 纪小凤,郑娜,王洋,等.中国城市土壤重金属污染研究现状及展望[J].土壤与作物,2016,5(1):42-47.[JI Xiao-feng,ZHENG Na,WANG Yang,et al.Heavy Metal Contamination of Urban Soils in China:Recent Advances and Prospects[J].Soils and Crops,2016,5(1):42-47.]
[9] ZHAI Y,DAI Q,JIANG K,et al.Traffic-Related Heavy Metals Uptake by Wild Plants Grow Along Two Main Highways in Hunan Province,China:Effects of Soil Factors,Accumulation Ability,and Biological Indication Potential[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(13):13368-13377.
[10] WINTHER M,SLENTØ E.Heavy Metal Emissions for Danish Road Transport[R].Roskilde,Denmark:National Environmental Research Institute,Aarhus University,2010.
[11] 李灵,张玉,连艳雪,等.武夷山市公路路面沉积物重金属污染与评价[J].云南农业大学学报,2015,30(6):916-923.[LI Ling,ZHANG Yu,LIAN Yan-xue,et al.Pollution and Assessment of Heavy Metals in Roadside Pavement Sediment of Wuyishan City[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2015,30(6):916-923.]
[12] HJORTENKRANS D,BERGBÄCK B,HÄGGERUD A.New Metal Emission Patterns in Road Traffic Environments[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2006,117(1/2/3):85-98.
[13] WERKENTHIN M,KLUGE B,WESSOLEK G.Metals in European Roadside Soils and Soil Solution:A Review[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,189:98-110.
[14] 石元值,马立峰,韩文炎,等.汽车尾气对茶园土壤和茶叶中铅、铜、镉元素含量的影响[J].茶叶,2001,27(4):21-24,34.[SHI Yuan-zhi,MA Li-feng,HAN Wen-yan,et al.Influence of Automobile Exhaust on Concentration of Lead,Copper and Cadmium in Tea Leaf and Soil[J].Journal of Tea,2001,27(4):21-24,34.]
[15] 吴永刚,姜志林,罗强.公路边茶园土壤与茶树中重金属的积累与分布[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(4):39-42.[WU Yong-gang,JIANG Zhi-lin,LUO Qiang.The Accumulation and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Teas on Both Sides of Highway[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition),2002,26(4):39-42.]
[16] 季辉,赵健,冯金飞,等.高速公路沿线农田土壤重金属总量和有效态含量的空间分布特征及其影响因素分析[J].土壤通报,2013,44(2):477-483.[JI Hui,ZHAO Jian,FENG Jin-fei,et al.Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Total and Available Heavy Metal Contents and Their Influencing Factors in Farmland Soils Along Expressway[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2013,44(2):477-483.]
[17] 周阳靖,吴愉萍,沈群超,等.公路交通对周边土壤及农作物铅富集的影响研究[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2014,127(3):88-92.[ZHOU Yang-jing,WU Yu-ping,SHEN Qun-chao,et al.Correlation:Road Transportation and Accumulation of Lead in Soil and Crops[J].Journal of Ningbo University (Natural Science and Engineering Edition),2014,127(3):88-92.]
[18] ZHANG F,YAN X D,ZENG C,et al.Influence of Traffic activity on Heavy Metal Concentrations of Roadside Farmland Soil in Mountainous Areas[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2012,9(5):1715-1731.
[19] 叶宏萌,李国平,郑茂钟,等.武夷山茶园土壤铜、铅和锰形态及茶叶有效性特征[J].土壤通报,2017,48(1):202-207.[YE Hong-meng,LI Guo-ping,ZHENG Mao-zhong,et al.Fraction Distribution and Tea Bioavailability of Cu,Pb,Mn in Soil From Wuyishan Tea Gardern[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2017,48(1):202-207.]
[20] 李刚,郑茂钟,朱永官.福建省稻米中的砷水平及其健康风险研究[J].生态毒理学报,2013,8(2):148-155.[LI Gang,ZHENG Mao-zhong,ZHU Yong-guan.Studies on Arsenic Levels and Its Health Risk of Rice Collected From Fujian Province[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2013,8(2):148-155.]
[21] SAMARA C,VOUTSA D.Size Distribution of Airborne Particulate Matter and Associated Heavy Metals in the Roadside Environment[J].Chemosphere,2005,59(8):1197-1206.
[22] 李仰征,马建华.高速公路旁土壤重金属污染及不同林带防护效应比较[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(1):105-109.[LI Yang-zheng,MA Jian-hua.Heavy Metals Pollution in Roadside Soils and Protective Effect of Plant Barriers Along Expressway[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(1):105-109.]
[23] PAL S K,WALLIS S G,ARTHUR S.Assessment of Heavy Metals Emission From Traffic on Road Surfaces[J].Central European Journal of Chemistry,2011,9(2):314-319.
[24] KLUGE B,WESSOLEK G.Heavy Metal Pattern and Solute Concentration in Soils Along the Oldest Highway of the World:The AVUS Autobahn[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2012,184(11):6469-6481.
[25] RODRÍGUEZ-SEIJO A,ANDRADE M L,VEGA F A.Origin and Spatial Distribution of Metals in Urban Soils[J].Journals of Soils and Sediments,2017,17(5):1514-1526.
[26] 叶宏萌,李国平,郑茂钟,等.武夷山茶园土壤重金属环境风险等级评价及溯源分析[J].福建农业学报,2016,31(4):395-400.[YE Hong-meng,LI Guo-ping,ZHENG Mao-zhong,et al.Risk Evaluation and Source Tracing on Heavy Metal Contaminations in Soil at Tea Plantations in Wuyishan[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,31(4):395-400.]