包头南海子湿地赤膀鸭(Mareca Strepera)组织与环境中重金属含量的相关性

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0126

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解环境中重金属对赤膀鸭（Mareca strepera）健康的影响，采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定内蒙古包头南海子湿地赤膀鸭组织（胸肌、心肌、肾脏、肝脏及骨骼）及环境因子（水、土壤、丝藻、鱼虾和沉积物）中砷（As）、铬（Cr）、镉（Cd）、汞（Hg）4种重金属含量，通过单因素方差分析赤膀鸭组织中重金属的分布特征，并采用Pearson相关性检验分析赤膀鸭组织与环境因子中重金属含量的相关性。结果表明，（1）赤膀鸭组织中重金属元素的分布规律为：As主要蓄积在心肌和肾脏中，Cr主要蓄积在胸肌中，Cd主要蓄积在肾脏中，Hg在赤膀鸭各组织间分布不存在显著性差异。（2）相关分析表明，赤膀鸭组织中重金属含量与环境因子中重金属含量呈显著正相关，且存在富集现象，表明其可作为环境污染的评价指标。（3）与国外研究相比，赤膀鸭组织中重金属元素含量已超过其他地区鸭科鸟类的平均含量水平，这可能对赤膀鸭健康造成了一定程度影响。另外，环境因子中的重金属含量已经超过国家标准，尤其水中Hg、Cr和Cd 3种元素分别是GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅰ类水标准值的约500、375和38倍，说明当地重金属污染较重，管理部门应重视并采取有效管控和治理措施，防止环境进一步恶化。

关键词: 赤膀鸭, 组织, 重金属, 环境因子, 南海子湿地

Abstract:

To assess the influence of heavy metal on the health of Mareca strepera, the tissue samples of Marecastrepera (pectoral, myocardium, kidney, liver, and bone) and environmental constituents(water, soil, algae, fishes, shrimp, and sediments) were collected from the Nanhaizi Wetland in Baotou, Inner Mongolia;the contents of heavy metals(As, Cr, Cd, and Hg) in the samples were measured using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES). The distribution of heavy metal content in the tissue samples were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and the correlation of heavy metal content between the M. strepera tissues and that in environmental constituents was determined using the Pearson correlation test. The results reveal that(1) the distribution of heavy metal elements was as follows:As was primarily accumulated in the myocardium and kidney, Cr in the pectoral, and Cd in the kidney. There was no significant difference in the distribution of Hg among the M. strepera tissues; (2) the Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the heavy metal content in M. strepera tissue and that in the environmental constituents, with some metals being enriched in M. strepera tissue. This indicated that M. strepera could be used as an indicator to monitor local environmental pollution;(3) heavy metal contents in the tissues of M. strepera exceeded the average levels observed in ducks in other regions, as revealed by comparison with reports from other countries; this may affect health of M. strepera to some extent. Heavy metal contents in environmental constituents exceeded the national water quality standard(GB 3838-2002), in particular, Hg, Cr and Cd contents in water were about 500, 375, and 38 times higher than the national standard class Ⅰ, respectively, indicating severe local pollution. Management department should focus on effective measures to prevent further deterioration of the environment.

Key words: Marecastrepera, tissue, heavy metals, environmental factor, Nanhaizi Wetland

中图分类号:

刘利, 张乐, 刘云鹏, 李文秀, 苗春林, 刘晓光. 包头南海子湿地赤膀鸭(Mareca Strepera)组织与环境中重金属含量的相关性[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(4): 476-483.

LIU Li, ZHANG Le, LIU Yun-peng, LI Wen-xiu, MIAO Chun-lin, LIU Xiao-guang. Correlation Between Heavy Metal Content in Mareca strepera Tissues and the Environment in the Nanhaizi Wetland, Baotou City[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(4): 476-483.

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