不同时间下钝化剂对污染土壤中Cd和Pb的钝化效果

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0416

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用土壤培养方法研究了海泡石、凹凸棒土及石灰制备的6种不同钝化剂在90 d内对土壤中镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）的钝化效果与特征。结果表明：（1）在90 d的钝化期，除海泡石+石灰（1：2）外，其余5种钝化剂对Cd的钝化率随着钝化时间的延长而升高，6种钝化剂对土壤中的Cd钝化率均达到45%以上。对Pb的钝化率均在钝化的第90天达最大，且含凹凸棒土组分的钝化剂达50%以上。（2）就单一材料制备的钝化剂而言，海泡石对土壤中的Cd和Pb的钝化率更高。在复合钝化剂材料中，凹凸棒土与石灰1：2比例制备的钝化剂对土壤Cd中Pb的钝化效果均为最好。除凹凸棒土+石灰（2：1）外，其他5种钝化剂对Cd的钝化率均高于Pb，且黏土矿物+石灰比例为1：2制备的钝化剂钝化效果优于2：1。（3）6种钝化剂对Pb的钝化能力均大于Cd。凹凸棒土+石灰（1：2）对Cd和Pb的钝化能力均最强，且6种钝化剂对Cd和Pb的总钝化能力由强到弱依次为凹凸棒土+石灰（1：2）、凹凸棒土/凹凸棒土+石灰（2：1）/海泡石、海泡石+石灰（1：2）和海泡石+石灰（2：1）。

关键词: 钝化剂, 镉, 铅, 土壤, 钝化, 重金属污染

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to identify deactivations and characteristics of 6 different deactivators on cadmium and plumbum in soil within 90 days. For this purpose, the passivation process and characteristic of cadmium and plumbum deactivators, which were prepared by sepiolite, attapulgite and lime, were studied by soil culture experiment in lab. The effects of constituents and proportions on passivation process and characteristic were also explored. The results indicated that the deactivating rate of Cd which was deactivated by deactivators[except sepiolite and lime(1:2)]increased with time, and the deactivating rate was more than 45% in the 90th day. During the 90 days, the deactivating rate of Pb which was deactivated by deactivators[except sepiolite and lime(1:2)]reached the maximum at the 90th day. At the same time, the deactivators which include attapulgite also had the high deactivating rates of Pb(>50%), which was more than 50%. In the single material treatment, the passivation effect of Cd and Pb which was deactivated by sepiolite was better than attapulgite. In the compound amendment treatments, the deactivating rate of Cd which was deactivated by deactivators[except sepiolite + lime(1:2)]were higher than Pb. And the passivation effect of deactivators which were prepared from clay mineral and lime by the rate of 1:2 was better than the one with rate of 2:1. The deactivation capability of deactivators on Pb excelled on Cd. The deactivation capability of the passivator which were prepared from attapulgite and lime by the rate of 1:2 had the strongest passivation abilities for both Cd and Pb. The order of capacity values was attapulgite + lime(1:2) > attapulgite=attapulgite + lime(2:1)=sepiolite > sepiolite + lime(1:2) > sepiolite + lime(2:1).

Key words: deactivators, cadmium, plumbum, soil, deactivation, heavy metal pollution

中图分类号:

田雪, 周文君, 张正蕊, 李军娟, 高育慧. 不同时间下钝化剂对污染土壤中Cd和Pb的钝化效果[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(4): 522-528.

TIAN Xue, ZHOU Wen-jun, ZHANG Zheng-rui, LI Jun-juan, GAO Yu-hui. Deactivation Effects of Deactivators on Cadmium and Plumbum Polluted Soil at Different Times[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(4): 522-528.

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