三门峡黄河湿地不同年份越冬期大天鹅初级飞羽中的重金属含量分析

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.08.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评价三门峡黄河湿地中大天鹅成鸟和亚成鸟的重金属暴露水平，用湿法消解处理了自湿地采集的2001年到2017年间不同年份越冬期大天鹅的初级飞羽样品，并用原子吸收分光光度计测定了铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）和镍（Ni）等重金属的含量。结果表明，亚成鸟和成鸟初级飞羽中重金属含量最高的是Zn，最低的是Ni。大天鹅亚成鸟和成鸟初级飞羽中的重金属含量在不同年份差异较大。与2001年相比，2013年大天鹅亚成鸟初级飞羽中Cu、Pb和Cd含量有下降趋势，Zn含量有上升趋势，Cr和Ni含量与2001年的水平相当。近几年大天鹅成鸟初级飞羽中Cu和Cr含量与之前的水平相当，Zn、Pb、Cd和Ni含量则有下降趋势。此外，成鸟初级飞羽中Zn含量与亚成鸟的相当，其他重金属含量则高于亚成鸟。总之，近几年亚成鸟和成鸟初级飞羽中非必需元素Pb和Cd含量呈下降趋势，说明近几年大天鹅Pb和Cd暴露水平有所降低。最后，与其他鸟类羽毛中重金属含量相比，研究区大天鹅初级飞羽中的重金属含量处于安全水平。

关键词: 大天鹅, 黄河湿地, 越冬期, 重金属, 初级飞羽

Abstract:

To assess levels of heavy metals exposure in whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) adults and juveniles from Yellow River wetland in Sanmenxia, primaries collected in overwintering stages of different years from 2001 to 2017 were analyzed using wet digestion method. Then, atomic absorption spectrophotometer was employed to determine the concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). Results show that Zn levels were at highest whereas Ni levels were at lowest in primaries from both juveniles and adults. Differences were noted among heavy metal concentrations in primaries of whooper swans from different years. Concentrations of Cu, Pb and Cd in primaries of whooper swan juveniles in 2013 showed a downtrend and Zn concentrations showed an uptrend compared with those in 2001. Moreover, Cr and Ni concentrations in primaries of whooper swan juveniles in 2013 were comparable with those in 2001. In recent years, Cu and Cr concentrations in whooper swan adults were comparable with those of past several years, while Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni concentrations showed a downtrend. In addition, adults and juveniles showed comparable Zn concentrations in primaries. However, concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in primaries of whooper swan adults were higher than those of juveniles. All in all, as non-essential elements, Pb and Cd concentrations in primaries of whooper swan adults and juveniles showed declined tendencies in recent years, indicating there are decrease trends of Pb and Cd exposure risks. At last, heavy metal concentrations in primaries of whooper swan were at safe levels compared with other birds' feathers.

Key words: whooper swan, Yellow River Wetland, overwintering stage, heavy metal, primaries

中图分类号:

艾伟昌, 徐丽敏, 崔源, 李慧. 三门峡黄河湿地不同年份越冬期大天鹅初级飞羽中的重金属含量分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(8): 739-744.

AI Wei-chang, XU Li-min, CUI Yuan, LI Hui. Analysis on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Primaries of Whooper Swan in Overwintering Stages of Different Years From Yellow River Wetland in Sanmenxia of Henan Province, China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(8): 739-744.

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