基于猪粪资源利用的稻田径流污染物排放特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0410

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明畜禽粪污还田利用存在的水污染风险，通过大田小区径流试验，研究了南方地区猪粪资源利用下稻田径流污染物排放特征，共设置纯化肥（CK）、沼液还田（C1）、有机肥还田（C2）和鲜粪还田（C3）4个处理。结果表明，不同处理田块径流排水ρ（TN）、ρ（NH₄⁺-N）和ρ（TP）均在施肥后7 d内达到峰值，随后迅速下降，并在21 d后稳定。与CK处理相比，C3处理总氮排放总量减少24.5%，但氨氮、总磷和COD排放总量分别增加33.3%、25.8%和24.2%；C2处理总氮排放总量减少35.1%，但COD排放总量增加8.8%，总磷和氨氮排放总量则无明显变化；C1处理可分别削减总氮和总磷排放总量达33.9%和35.9%，氨氮排放总量无明显变化，但COD排放总量增加22.2%。这表明C1和C2处理粪污模式较优，处理后的粪污不仅可替代部分化肥，更可降低由地表径流产生的氮、磷环境污染风险，鲜粪则不宜直接还田。

关键词: 畜禽粪污, 水稻田, 面源污染, 排放负荷

Abstract: Livestock manure applications may result in potential water pollution. Runoff experiments were established in South China to study the characteristics of runoff pollutant discharge in paddy fields caused by swine manure utilization. Four groups of fertilization management practices were considered in this study, including chemical fertilizer application (CK), fresh manure application (C3), organic manure application (C2) and biogas slurry application (C1). Results show that the concentration of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the runoff peaked within the first 7 days after fertilization, then rapidly declined before reached stable on the 21st day. In C3, the TN loss reduced by 24.5% compared with CK. On the contrary, the NH₃-N loss increased by 33.3%, the TP loss increased by 25.8%, and the COD loss increased by 24.2%. Similarly, in C2 the TN loss reduced by 35.1%, and the COD loss increased by 8.8% compared with CK. There was no significant difference of TP loss and NH₃-N loss between CK and C2. In C1, the TN and TP loss reduced by 33.9% and 35.9% respectively, compared with CK. Nevertheless, there was no obvious change in NH₃-N loss, and the COD loss increased by 22.2%. In terms of potential water pollution, C1 and C2 appeared to be the more appropriate swine manure application methods, as they could not only reduce chemical fertilizer usage, but also decrease the risk of N and P pollution caused by surface runoff. Fresh manure application is not suggested in agriculture production.

Key words: livestock feces, paddy field, non-point source pollution, pollutant discharge load

中图分类号:

X713

李凯益, 沈根祥, 王振旗, 赵晓祥, 钱晓雍, 付侃, 徐昶, 何忠虎. 基于猪粪资源利用的稻田径流污染物排放特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(1): 129-135.

LI Kai-yi, SHEN Gen-xiang, WANG Zhen-qi, ZHAO Xiao-xiang, QIAN Xiao-yong, FU Kan, XU Chang, HE Zhong-hu. Study on Characteristics of Pollutant Discharge From Paddy Runoff for Resource Utilization of Swine Feces[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(1): 129-135.

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