太滆运河流域不同用地方式下土壤pH值、有机质及氮磷含量特征分析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0721

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了加强土壤施肥管理及农业面源污染控制，实地采集太滆运河流域120份表层（0~20 cm）土壤样品，运用数理统计与ArcGIS相关技术，对不同用地方式下土壤pH值、有机质（SOM）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）含量及其空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明，研究区pH平均值为5.36，土壤呈酸性。TN、SOM含量丰富但TP较缺乏，分别达到全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准中的二级、二级、五级水平。不同用地方式下土壤pH值、TN、SOM含量差异达极显著水平（P<0.01）。pH值依次为空地 > 水田 > 林地 > 水浇地 > 果园，TN含量依次为水田 > 水浇地 > 果园 > 林地 > 空地，SOM含量依次为水田 > 果园 > 水浇地 > 林地 > 空地，化肥用量及种类、种植制度、植被覆盖、耕作管理及政策是造成这种差异的主要原因。受单一施肥、土壤磷淋洗及流失影响，不同用地方式土壤TP含量之间并无明显差异。Spearman相关分析表明，土壤TN含量与pH值呈显著负相关（P<0.05），与SOM、TP含量分别呈现极显著正相关（P<0.01）。不同用地方式下土壤pH值介于小变异到中等变异之间，TN、SOM含量均属于中等变异，TP含量除空地外均属于高等变异。太滆运河流域酸性土壤分布广且均匀，TN和SOM含量高值区主要集中在太滆运河中游及下游地区，TP含量较高值区域集中在中下游南侧。

关键词: 太滆运河流域, 农业面源污染, 土地利用, 土壤养分

Abstract: In this work, 120 soil samples were collected from the Taige Canal valley, and the number of samples for paddy field, irrigated field, orchard land, forestland and wasteland were 45, 18, 25, 22 and 10, respectively. In order to enhance the soil farmland fertilizer management and non-point source pollution control, contents and spatial distribution characteristics of pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) under different land use types were analyzed by using mathematical statistics and ArcGIS technology. Results indicate that:(1) All the studied soils were acidic with an average pH of 5.36. The TN and SOM were abundant while TP was relatively deficient, which corresponded to the level two, level two and level five, respectively, according to the nutrient classification standards of the second national soil survey. In addition, the differences in soil pH, TN and SOM contents under different land use types were highly significant (P<0.01). The pH values were in the following sequence:wasteland > paddy field > forest land > irrigated land > orchard land; and TN content gave the following sequence:paddy field > irrigated land > orchard land > forest land > wasteland; whereas SOM content decreased in the following sequence of paddy field > orchard land > irrigated land > forest land > wasteland. These differences were probably due to the differences in type and application dosage of chemical fertilizers, planting system, vegetation coverage, and farming management. However, no significant differences were found in soil TP contents among the five land use types, which might be attributed to the single fertilization, soil phosphorus leaching and loss. (2) Spearman correlation analysis among soil nutrients show that TN had a negative correlation with pH value (P<0.05), but exhibited a significant positive correlation with SOM and TP. (3) Under different land types, the soil pH exhibited small variation to medium variation. TN and SOM showed moderate variation. TP for all the land types had high variation except for wasteland. The acidic soils were distributed widely and regularly in the Taige Canal valley. The high levels of TN and SOM were mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of Taige Canal, while the high content areas of TP were concentrated in the south side of the middle and lower reaches.

Key words: Taige Canal valley, agricultural nonpoint source pollution, land use types, soil nutrient

中图分类号:

X825
S158.3

朱永青, 崔云霞, 李伟迪, 徐璐, 夏梦茹, 曹炜琦. 太滆运河流域不同用地方式下土壤pH值、有机质及氮磷含量特征分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(2): 171-178.

ZHU Yong-qing, CUI Yun-xia, LI Wei-di, XU Lu, XIA Meng-ru, CAO Wei-qi. Analysis of Soil pH, Organic Matter, Nitrogen and Phosphate Characteristics Under Different Land Use Types in Taige Canal Valley[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(2): 171-178.

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