2016-2018年六盘山中部崆峒山区域夏季鸟类多样性研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.1067

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 崆峒山区域紧邻鸟类动物地理区系南北分界线，对该区域鸟类进行长期观测有助于了解气候变化背景下鸟类的北扩趋势。分别于2016-2018年4和5月下旬采用固定样线法对崆峒山区域鸟类种类及分布状况进行调查，并对调查结果进行相关分析。结果表明，（1）调查区域共记录鸟种108种，2016-2018年分别记录82、78和85种，其中以雀形目为主，有72种，占66.67%；繁殖鸟类以留鸟为主，有51种，占47.22%。（2）落叶阔叶林生境鸟类群落多样性指数和均匀度指数最高，村庄生境最低。（3）鸟类区系组成主要为广布种，有73种，占67.59%，古北界23种，占21.30%，东洋界10种，占9.26%。崆峒山夏季鸟类组成与周边区域存在较大差异，广布种鸟类种类最多，表明该区域生态环境较为稳定，鸟类年际间变化不大。

关键词: 鸟类, 生物多样性, 崆峒山, 样线法

Abstract: Avian biodiversity is one of the most important components of biodiversity. The population dynamics of birds change following climate and ecology. Kongtong Mountain in Gansu Province is close to the west of Qinling Mountains, which is known to divide the zoogeographic fauna of birds into north and south. Long-term bird diversity monitoring in this area is vital for understanding the trend of species dispersal under climate change in the north. The population and distribution of birds in this area were investigated by using line transect method in late April and late May in 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Berger-Parker dominance index were calculated in Excel 2013. A Chord Diagram of bird dominance with different habitats in R 3.5.3 was also made. The results show that: (1)108 bird species were recorded (82 in 2016, 78 in 2017 and 85 in 2018). (2) The diversity index and evenness index of bird community were the highest in deciduous broad-leaved forest habitat, and the lowest in rural habitat. (3) Regarding the composition of birds fauna, 73 species belong to cosmopolitan species (67.59%), 23 Palaearctic realm species (21.30%) and 10 Oriental realm species (9.26%). The summer avifauna in Kongtong Mountain differs from the surrounding areas. Meanwhile, the composition of bird species in this zone had no significant change across years.

Key words: aves, biodiversity, Kongtong Mountain, line transect method

中图分类号:

X176
Q958.1

马东辉, 李建亮, 刘威, 卢梦洁, 包新康, 伊剑锋. 2016-2018年六盘山中部崆峒山区域夏季鸟类多样性研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(11): 1388-1394.

MA Dong-hui, LI Jian-liang, LIU Wei, LU Meng-jie, BAO Xin-kang, YI Jian-feng. Study on Bird Species Diversity in Gansu Kongtong Mountain in Summer From 2016 to 2018[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(11): 1388-1394.

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