黑土区小流域土壤氮磷生态化学计量空间分异特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0276

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为掌握东北黑土区小流域土壤氮磷生态化学计量空间分异特征及其主要影响因素，应用经典统计学和地统计学模型方法，综合"3S"技术，对海沟河小流域表层（0~20 cm）土壤中的氮磷生态化学计量空间变异、分布格局及影响因素进行研究。结果表明：海沟河小流域土壤全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）含量和氮磷比（N/P比）均值分别为2.60 g·kg^-1、0.55 g·kg^-1和4.78，空间变异程度均为中等变异，地形、成土母质等结构性因素是影响土壤TN、TP含量和N/P比空间变异的主要因素。土壤TN、TP含量和N/P比自东向西呈阶梯状变化，南北向变化微小，与地形变化具有较高的一致性，不同土地利用方式下土壤TN、TP含量和N/P比的空间特征存在较大差异，林地TN含量比玉米、水稻地高，而TP含量比玉米和水稻地低，耕地范围内N/P比整体偏低，流域中部的农林交错地带是N/P比高值区，也是农业生产施肥管理和面源污染防控的重点区域。农业管理措施、居民点、交通道路等因素对农业生产及土壤养分空间分布的累积效应明显。

关键词: 小流域, 土壤氮磷, 生态化学计量, 空间分异

Abstract: To grasp the spatial differentiation characteristics of soil nitrogen and phosphorus ecological stoichiometry and its main influencing factors in a small watershed in the black soil area of Northeast China was of great significance for rational fertilization application. This paper took the Haigouhe River Basin as an example, the spatial variability, distribution pattern and influencing factors of the ecological stoichiometry of soil nitrogen and phosphorus on the surface soil (0-20 cm) were analyzed by applying classical statistical, geostatistical model methods, and integrating "3S" technology. The results show that the mean of total nitrogen (TN) content, total phosphorus (TP) content and soil N to P ratio (N/P) were 2.60 g·kg^-1, 0.55 g·kg^-1 and 4.78, respectively, and the spatial variability of TN content, TP content and N/P were moderate, which were significantly affected by structural elements, e.g. terrain factors and parent materials. The TN, TP and soil N/P showed a stepwise change from east to west, a slight change from north to south, the changes were in good agreement with the change of inland deformation. There was a quite difference in TN content, TP content and N/P under different land use types, the TN content was higher in forestland than that in corn and rice land, while the TP content in forestland was lower than that in corn and rice land. The soil N/P was higher in the agriculture-pasture ecotone where was in the middle of the basin. The N/P was lower in cultivated land than that in other land in general. Cultivated land was also the important area of fertilization management and prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the agricultural production process. The accumulative effects of agricultural management measures, rural residential, road and other factors on agricultural production and spatial distribution of soil nutrients were more significant.

Key words: small watershed, soil nitrogen and phosphorus, ecological stoichiometry, spatial variability

中图分类号:

马泉来, 王小玉, 赵曼宇, 高凤杰, 陈浩, 孙晓兵. 黑土区小流域土壤氮磷生态化学计量空间分异特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(10): 1325-1332.

MA Quan-lai, WANG Xiao-yu, ZHAO Man-yu, GAO Feng-jie, CHEN Hao, SUN Xiao-bing. Spatial Variability of Ecological Stoichiometry of Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus in a Mollisol Watershed of China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(10): 1325-1332.

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