甘肃省县域乡村生活质量空间分异特征及其影响因素

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0269

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 乡村生活质量是反映乡村经济发展水平的重要指标，直接关系到乡村居民的切身利益，关乎人民福祉。通过构建乡村生活质量指数模型，借助空间自相关和地理探测器分析甘肃省县域乡村生活质量及其影响因素的空间分异特征，结果表明：（1）甘肃省乡村生活质量空间分布具有明显的地域差异性，呈现由西向东逐渐降低的趋势，且在空间上具有显著的集聚特征，其中高-高（H-H）集聚区主要分布在河西走廊中西部地区，低-低（L-L）集聚区主要分布在省域南部地区，两者均呈连片分布；高-低（H-L）集聚区仅包含迭部1个县。（2）乡村生活质量的主导影响因素是降水量、坡度、建设用地乡村化率、距省会城市的距离、农业机械总动力、第一产业GDP占比、乡村人口总量。（3）各评价单元乡村生活质量的主要影响因素及其作用强度存在较明显的空间差异，陇中、陇东和甘南地区为经济因子主控型，河西走廊地区为自然因子主控型，陇东南地区为经济因子主控型与综合因素牵引型。

关键词: 乡村生活质量, 影响因素, 空间分异, 作用强度, 甘肃省

Abstract: Quality of rural life(QRL) is an important indicator reflecting the level of rural economic development, which is directly related to the vital interests of rural residents and the well-being of the people. This paper constructed a model of QRL and analyzed the spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of QRL by spatial auto-correlation and geographical detector. The results show that: (1) the spatial distribution of QRL has obvious regional differences, the QRL gradually reduces from west to east, and presents obvious spatial clustering characteristics. H-H cluster area is mainly distributed in the central and western regions of Hexi Corridor, L-L cluster area is mainly distributed in the southern regions of the province, both of which are in contiguous distribution, H-L cluster area only contains one county Diebu. (2) The main influencing factors of QRL include precipitation, slope, rate of rural construction land, distance from provincial capital city, total power of agricultural machinery, proportion of GDP of primary industry and total rural population. (3) There are significant spatial differences in the main influencing factors and in the intensity of their effects on the QRL in each evaluation unit. The central, eastern and southern areas of Gansu are dominated by human factors, the Hexi Corridor is dominated by natural factors, and the southeast of Gansu is dominated by human factors and pulled by comprehensive factors.

Key words: quality of rural life, influencing factors, spatial differentiation, action intensity, Gansu Province

中图分类号:

X82
F327

马利邦, 李欢, 豆浩健, 柏杰, 方芳, 车兴龙. 甘肃省县域乡村生活质量空间分异特征及其影响因素[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(10): 1251-1259.

MA Li-bang, LI Huan, DOU Hao-jian, BO Jie, FANG Fang, CHE Xing-long. Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Influencing Factors of Quality of Rural Life in Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(10): 1251-1259.

参考文献

[1] WANG Z,DENG X Z,WANG P,et al.Ecological Intercorrelation in Urban-Rural Development:An Eco-City of China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,163:S28-S41.
[2] 郑小玉,刘彦随.新时期中国"乡村病"的科学内涵、形成机制及调控策略[J].人文地理,2018,33(2):100-106.[ZHENG Xiao-yu,LIU Yan-sui.Connotation,Formation Mechanism and Regulation Strategies of Rural Disease in the New Epoch in China[J].Human Geography,2018,33(2):100-106.]
[3] GALBRAITH J K.The Affluent Society[M].Boston,USA:Houghton Mifflin,1958:212-293.
[4] CHEATLE M D.The Effect of Chronic Orthopedic Infection on Quality of Life[J].The Orthopedic Clinics of North America,1991,22(3):539-547.
[5] MICKEL A E,DALLIMORE E J.Life-Quality Decisions:Tension-Management Strategies Used by Individuals When Making Tradeoffs[J].Human Relations,2009,62(5):627-668.
[6] WALLACE B.Genetics and the Quality of Life[J].The American Biology Teacher,1973,35(4):183-229.
[7] BRAUER R,DYMITROW M.Quality of Life in Rural Areas:A Topic for the Rural Development Policy?[J].Bulletin of Geography,2014,25(25):25-54.
[8] BONCINELLI F,PAGNOTTA G,RICCIOLI F,et al.The Determinants of Quality of Life in Rural Areas From a Geographic Perspective:The Case of Tuscany[J].Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies,2015,27(2):104-117.
[9] 唐承丽,贺艳华,周国华,等.基于生活质量导向的乡村聚落空间优化研究[J].地理学报,2014,69(10):1459-1472.[TANG Cheng-li,HE Yan-hua,ZHOU Guo-hua,et al.The Research on Optimization Mode of Spatial Organization of Rural Settlements Oriented by Life Quality[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(10):1459-1472.]
[10] 周国华,刘畅,唐承丽,等.湖南乡村生活质量的空间格局及其影响因素[J].地理研究,2018,37(12):2475-2489.[ZHOU Guo-hua,LIU Chang,TANG Cheng-li,et al.Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Quality of Life in Rural Areas of Hunan Province[J].Geographical Research,2018,37(12):2475-2489.]
[11] 李欣,方斌,殷如梦,等.村域尺度"三生"功能与生活质量感知空间格局及其关联:以江苏省扬中市为例[J].地理科学,2020,40(4):599-607.[LI Xin,FANG Bin,YIN Ru-meng,et al.Spatial Pattern and Association of Production-Living-Ecological Function and Life Quality on the Village Scale:A Case of Yangzhong City,Jiangsu Province[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2020,40(4):599-607.]
[12] 田永霞,刘晓娜,李红,等.基于主客观生活质量评价的农村发展差异分析:以北京山区经济薄弱村为例[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(2):185-196.[TIAN Yong-xia,LIU Xiao-na,LI Hong,et al.Rural Development Difference Based on Subjective and Objective Evaluation of Life Quality:A Case of Economically Underdeveloped Villages in Beijing Mountainous Area[J].Progress in Geography,2015,34(2):185-196.]
[13] 王劲峰,徐成东.地理探测器:原理与展望[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):116-134.[WANG Jin-feng,XU Cheng-dong.Geodetector:Principle and Prospective[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(1):116-134.]
[14] 刘宗连.新农村建设背景下的农村土地整理[J].中国土地,2006(9):18-19.[LIU Zong-lian.Rural Land Consolidation Under the Background of New Rural Construction[J].China Land,2006(9):18-19.]
[15] 戴柳燕,周国华,唐承丽,等.基于地理学视角的乡村生活质量研究进展及展望[J].人文地理,2018,33(5):12-18.[DAI Liu-yan,ZHOU Guo-hua,TANG Cheng-li,et al.Progress and Prospect of Quality of Life in Rural Areas Based on Geographic Perspective[J].Human Geography,2018,33(5):12-18.]
[16] 陈海梁.构建居民生活质量评估指标体系[J].中国统计,2005(9):57-58.[CHEN Hai-liang.Construct the evaluation index system of residents' quality of life[J].China Statistics,2005(9):57-58.]
[17] 林南,卢汉龙.社会指标与生活质量的结构模型探讨:关于上海城市居民生活的一项研究[J].中国社会科学,1989(4):75-97.[LIN Nan,LY Han-long.Structural Models of Social Indicators and Quality of Life:A Study of Urban Life in Shanghai[J].Social Sciences in China,1989(4):75-97.]
[18] 张贝贝.新型乡村生活圈规划及其公共服务设施配置研究[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2018.[ZHANG Bei-bei.New Rural Life Circle Planning and Its Public Service Facility Allocation:Take Feicheng as an example[D].Jinan:Shandong Jianzhu University,2018.]