人类活动对盐城海岸线与滨海湿地的影响研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0318

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 综合采用RS、GIS技术和野外调查方法研究1987-2018年盐城海岸线和滨海湿地变化。结果表明，1987-2018年人类活动对盐城海岸线及滨海湿地的影响十分明显。（1）围垦导致自然岸线长度减少30.23%，人工岸线长度占比提高到43.92%，自然湿地面积丧失106 751.6 hm²；围垦主要发生在淤蚀交替岸段（射阳河口-斗龙港口）和淤长岸段（斗龙港以南），改变了盐城岸线的淤蚀规律，导致淤长岸段淤积加快，加速了淤蚀交替岸段的侵蚀，淤蚀交替点不断南迁。（2）另一重要人类活动港口建设对海岸线性质和湿地丧失产生严重影响。射阳港区和大丰港区分别位于淤蚀交替岸段和淤长岸段，港区自然岸线长度缩短，2个港区人工岸线长度占比分别达25.45%和47.53%；建港后射阳港区湿地面积损失速率为18.4 hm²·a^-1，低于建港前，而大丰港区湿地面积损失速率为335.3 hm²·a^-1，是建港前的近5倍。同时，港口建设形成独特的促淤格局，港口导堤两侧淤积空间格局由双拱形向拱形和S形，再向拱形和斜坡形演变。

关键词: 滨海湿地, 围垦, 海岸线, 港口建设

Abstract: Using RS (remote sensing), GIS (geographic information system) and field survey comprehensively, this study analyzed the coastline and wetland changes in Yancheng during 1987-2018. The results show that the impact of human activities on the coastal wetlands was significant. Due to human reclamation, the natural coastline had been reduced by 30.23% and the artificial coastline increased to 43.92%. The natural wetland in coastal areas are reduced by 106 751.6 hm². In addition, the reclamation areas are mainly located in the eroded shore and the transition shore between siltation and erosion. After reclamation, the silting and eroding regulation were changed in the whole shore. The siltation accelerated at the silting shore. The erosion accelerated in the transition shore between siltation and erosion. This led to the alternate point of siltation and erosion moved southward Port construction was another important human activity, which had a serious impact on coastline characteristics and wetland area. Sheyang Port is located in the transition shore between siltation and erosion and Dafeng Port is located in the eroded shore. The natural coastline was shortened, and the proportions of artificial coastline accounted for 25.45% and 47.53% in Sheyang Port and Dafeng Port respectively. After the construction of Sheyang Port, the rate of wetland loss was 18.4 hm²·a^-1, which was lower than before the construction. The wetland reduction rate of Dafeng Port was 335.3 hm²·a^-1, which was nearly 5 times of that before the construction of Dafeng Port. Due to the specific pattern of siltation promotion by port construction, the spatial pattern of siltation on both sides of the port had changed periodically. It had evolved from "double arch" to "arch/S-shape" and then to "arch/slope".

Key words: coastal wetland, reclamation, coastline, port construction

中图分类号:

郭紫茹, 王刚, 吴玉琴, 陈浩, 李玉凤, 刘红玉. 人类活动对盐城海岸线与滨海湿地的影响研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(3): 295-304.

GUO Zi-ru, WANG Gang, WU Yu-qin, CHEN Hao, LI Yu-feng, LIU Hong-yu. Impact of Human Activities on Yancheng Coastline and Coastal Wetlands[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(3): 295-304.

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