Cd2+和Cr3+对崇明东滩湿地土壤碱性磷酸酶的低剂量兴奋效应

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.02.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确Cd²⁺、Cr³⁺与碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性之间的低剂量兴奋效应关系,以崇明东滩湿地土壤为对象,通过添加不同剂量的外源Cd²⁺(CdCl₂)和Cr³⁺(CrCl₃),使土壤中w(Cd²⁺)分别为0、0.001、0.01、0.1、1、5、10、20、100和500 mg·kg^-1,w(Cr³⁺)为0、0.5、5、50、100、500和5000 mg·kg^-1,观测土壤ALP活性随时间(0、6、12、24、48、72和120 h)的变化特征。结果表明:(1)培养12 h后,Cd²⁺添加量为1 mg·kg^-1时,ALP活性比对照高8.6%(P<0.05);当Cd²⁺添加量大于10 mg·kg^-1时,酶活性受到明显抑制。Cr³⁺添加量为5 mg·kg^-1时,ALP活性比对照显著升高22.8%(P<0.05);当Cr³⁺添加量大于100 mg·kg^-1时,酶活性显著降低。这表明Cd²⁺和Cr³⁺与ALP之间存在典型的低剂量兴奋效应,但效应的表达与两者接触时间的长短密切相关。(2)以培养24 h的土壤样品为例,Cd²⁺添加量为1和5 mg·kg^-1时,ALP的催化效率(V_max/K_m),即最大反应速率(V_max)与Michaelis常数(K_m)的比值为1.7;当Cd²⁺添加量增加到20 mg·kg^-1时,V_max/K_m比降至0.8,而V_max和K_m的值均低于对照。Cr³⁺添加量为0.5和5 mg·kg^-1时,V_max/K_m比为1.7;当Cr³⁺添加量增至100 mg·kg^-1时,V_max/K_m比降为1.4,但V_max和K_m值均高于对照,这表明重金属与土壤酶之间的低剂量兴奋效应机理可能与其离子特性密切相关。

关键词: 低剂量兴奋效应, 碱性磷酸酶, 重金属, 滨海湿地

Abstract:

To explore low-dose hormetic effects (a biphasic dose-response characterized by a low dose benefit and a high dose inhibition) of Cd²⁺ and Cr³⁺on activity of alkaline phosphatase in wetland soil, soil samples were collected from the wetland in Dongtan of Chongming, treated with different doses of Cd²⁺ and Cr³⁺, making the samples 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 and 500 mg·kg^-1 in Cd²⁺ concentration and 0, 0.5, 5, 50100, 500 and 5000 mg·kg^-1 in Cr³⁺ concentration, separately, and then incubated for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hrs. After the incubation soil samples were analyzed for activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)in soils to determine characteristics of the temporal variation of the activity with the incubation. Results show that after 12 hours of incubation, ALP activity was 8.6% higher in the soil samples 1 mg·kg^-1 in Cd²⁺ concentration than in CK, and was obviously inhibited in the soil samples 10 mg·kg^-1 in Cd²⁺ concentration(P<0.05), while ALP activity was 22.8% higher in the soil samples 5 mg·kg^-1 in Cr³⁺ concentration than in CK (P<0.05), but substantially lower in the soil samples 100 mg·kg^-1 or higher in Cd²⁺ concentration, which indicates that the two types of heavy metals have some low-dose hormetic effects on ALP activity in the wetland soil, and the effects were closely related to duration of their contact. Meanwhile, after 24 hours of incubation, V_max/K_m (maximum reaction velocity/Michaelis constant) was 1.7 in the soil samples 1 and 5 mg·kg^-1 in Cd²⁺ concentration and lowered down to 0.8 in the soil samples 20.0 mg·kg^-1 in Cd²⁺ concentration with both V_max and K_m being lower than their respective ones in CK (soil samples 0 mg·kg^-1 in Cd²⁺ concentration), and V_max/K_m was also 1.7 in the soil samples 1 and 5 mg·kg^-1 in Cr³⁺ concentration, and 1.4 in the soil samples 100 mg·kg^-1 in Cr³⁺ concentration, with both V_max and K_m being higher than their respective ones in CK. All the findings indicate that both V_max and K_m fall simultaneously in the presence of Cd²⁺, but rise simultaneously in the presence of Cr³⁺, and that the mechanism of low-case hormesis existing between heavy metals and soil enzymes may be closely related to properties of the heavy metal ions.

Key words: hormesis, alkaline phosphatase, heavy metal, coastal wetlands

中图分类号:

范弟武, 徐莎, 周曼丽, 张倩楠, 朱咏莉, 韩建刚. Cd²⁺和Cr³⁺对崇明东滩湿地土壤碱性磷酸酶的低剂量兴奋效应[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(2): 320-325.

FAN Di-wu, XU Sha, ZHOU Man-li, ZHANG Qian-nan, ZHU Yong-li, HAN Jian-gang. Low-Dose Hormetic Effects of Cd²⁺ and Cr³⁺ on Alkaline Phosphatase in Wetland Soil in Dongtan of Chongming[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2016, 32(2): 320-325.

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Cd²⁺和Cr³⁺对崇明东滩湿地土壤碱性磷酸酶的低剂量兴奋效应

Low-Dose Hormetic Effects of Cd²⁺ and Cr³⁺ on Alkaline Phosphatase in Wetland Soil in Dongtan of Chongming

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