稻虾共作对水稻氮素累积及稻米品质的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0340

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究了安徽省铜陵市稻虾共作模式对水稻氮素吸收累积和稻米品质的影响，为稻虾共作体系氮素运筹提供科学依据。通过田间试验，以水稻单作（R）为对照，探究稻虾共作投食（RCF）和不投食（RC）体系中水稻对氮素的吸收累积规律，比较不同种植体系中水稻产量和品质，计算氮素输入输出平衡状况。在成熟期，处理RC水稻各部位氮素含量均显著高于处理R（P<0.05），处理RCF和RC水稻氮素累积量均显著高于处理R（P<0.05），分别提高20.9%和26.9%，但处理RCF和RC间水稻氮素含量和累积量没有显著差异。与处理R相比，处理RC水稻精米率和蛋白质含量分别提高3.0%和8.4%，垩白粒率、直链淀粉含量和胶稠度则分别降低25.1%、7.5%和6.6%。处理RCF和RC体系中稻谷和稻草输出的氮素均显著高于处理R（P<0.05）。处理R、RCF和RC氮素利用率分别为0.85、0.98和1.11。总体而言，稻虾共作能够促进水稻对氮素的吸收利用，改善水稻品质，提高氮素利用率，但存在消耗土壤氮素养分的风险；处理RC在水稻氮素利用和水稻产量方面与处理RCF没有显著差异，但提升了稻米品质。综合考虑经济与环境效益，稻虾共作适当投食是该区域可持续的高效种养模式。

关键词: 稻虾共作, 投喂饲料, 氮素利用, 稻米品质

Abstract: The effects of the integrated rice-crayfish farming on rice quality and its nitrogen (N) accumulation were studied in Tongling City, Anhui Province to provide a scientific basis for nitrogen management in the integrated rice-crayfish farming system. A field experiment was conducted to compare nitrogen uptake and accumulation of rice in the integrated rice-crayfish farming system with feed (RCF) and without feed (RC), with the rice monoculture only (R) as control. The yield and quality of rice in different farming systems were compared. The N input-output balance in different farming systems was also calculated. The results indicate that rice tissues under RC treatments had higher content of N than that of R at the mature stage (P<0.05). Likewise, RCF and RC treatments led to significantly higher N accumulation in rice tissues compared with R (P<0.05). Their nitrogen accumulation increased by 20.9% (RCF) and 26.9% (RC), respectively. No significant differences were found in the N content and accumulation of rice between RCF and RC treatments. Compared with R, the milled rice rate and protein content of grain under RC treatment increased by 3.0% and 8.4%, respectively. Conversely, chalky rice rate, amylose content, and gel consistency of rice reduced by 25.1%, 7.5%, and 6.6%, respectively, in RC treatment compared with R. However, RCF and RC treatments caused significantly higher N output from rice and straw than R (P<0.05). The N utilization efficiency of R, RCF, and RC were 0.85, 0.98, and 1.11, respectively. Altogether, the results of this study suggest that RCF and RC could promote N accumulation in rice, and increase rice quality and N utilization efficiency, whereas there exists a risk of consuming soil nitrogen. Nevertheless, no significant differences occurred in rice N utilization and rice yield between RC and RCF treatments. From the view of economic and environmental benefits, the integrated rice-crayfish farming system with appropriate feed is a high-efficient farming system to achieve sustainable development in this region.

Key words: integrated rice-crayfish system, feeding, nitrogen utilization, rice quality

中图分类号:

李文博, 刘少君, 叶新新, 郜红建, 刘荣, 李登云, 姚国亮. 稻虾共作对水稻氮素累积及稻米品质的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(5): 661-667.

LI Wen-bo, LIU Shao-jun, YE Xin-xin, GAO Hong-jian, LIU Rong, LI Deng-yun, YAO Guo-liang. Effects of the Integrated Rice-crayfish Farming on Nitrogen Accumulation and Quality of Rice[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(5): 661-667.

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