稻虾共作模式下秸秆还田对稻田氨挥发的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0137

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 稻虾共作模式是我国长江中下游地区一种新兴的稻田复合种养生态模式。基于田间试验，采用通气法研究冬泡无秸秆还田、冬泡+秸秆还田和冬泡+秸秆还田+养虾处理对稻田氨挥发损失的影响，以期为评估稻虾共作模式稻田氮素损失提供数据支撑。结果表明，水稻季氨挥发量占当季施氮量的5.84%~6.49%，主要发生在水稻基肥期和分蘖肥期，且以分蘖肥期氨挥发损失占分蘖肥比例为最高；相对于冬泡秸秆不还田处理，冬泡+秸秆还田处理增加了基肥期氨挥发通量和氨挥发损失量，但在分蘖肥期和穗肥期的氨挥发损失量有降低趋势；在冬泡+秸秆还田基础上养殖克氏原螯虾，基肥期氨挥发损失量降低15.01%，但穗肥期氨挥发损失量增加29.09%，且差异均达到显著水平（P<0.05），但氨挥发总损失量与冬泡+秸秆还田处理之间差异未达显著水平；氨挥发通量与田面水NH₄⁺-N浓度、田面水pH均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。可见，稻虾共作模式下秸秆还田虽然未降低氨挥发总量，但改变了不同施肥期氨挥发特点，这为优化稻虾共作模式下施肥方式和降低稻田氨挥发提供了数据支撑。

关键词: 稻虾共作模式, 秸秆还田, 氨挥发, 田面水NH₄⁺-N浓度

Abstract: The integrated rice-crayfish system is an emerging complex ecological system of planting and breeding in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Based on the field experiment, the aeration methods were used to study the effects of winter flooded fallow + no straw returning (W), winter flooded fallow + straw returning (WS) and winter flooded fallow + straw returning +crayfish farming (WSC) on ammonia volatilization loss in paddy fields. The aim of this study is to provide data support for the evaluation of nitrogen loss in the integrated rice-crayfish system. The results show that the ammonia volatilization in the rice growth stage accounted for 5.84%-6.49% of the nitrogen application rate in the current season, which mainly occurred during the rice base fertilizer stage and tillering fertilizer stage, and the ammonia volatilization loss in tillering fertilizer stage accounted for the highest proportion of tillering fertilizer. Compared with the W treatment, the WS treatment increased the ammonia volatilization flux and ammonia volatilization loss during the base fertilizer stage, but the ammonia volatilization loss during the tillering and earing stages had a decreasing trend. In the case of breeding Procambarus clarkii on the basis of the WS treatment, the ammonia volatilization loss in the base fertilizer stage decreased by 15.01%, but the ammonia volatilization loss in the earing stage increased by 29.09%, and the differences reached to significant levels (P<0.05), but the total ammonia volatilization loss was not much significant different between the W and WS treatments. Ammonia volatilization flux had a very significant positive correlation with NH₄⁺-N concentration and pH of the field surface water (P<0.01). In conclusion, although straw return to the field under the integrated rice-crayfish system did not reduce the total ammonia volatilization, the characteristics of ammonia volatilization in different fertilization stages were changed, which provided data support for optimizing fertilization mode under the integrated rice-crayfish system and reducing ammonia volatilization in the paddy fields.

Key words: integrated rice-crayfish system, straw returning to field, ammonia volatilization, NH₄⁺-N concentration of the field surface water

中图分类号:

S181
X820.6

佀国涵, 彭成林, 袁家富, 夏贤格, 程建平, 徐祥玉, 贾平安, 谢媛圆, 周剑雄. 稻虾共作模式下秸秆还田对稻田氨挥发的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(3): 360-368.

SI Guo-han, PENG Cheng-lin, YUAN Jia-fu, XIA Xian-ge, CHENG Jian-ping, XU Xiang-yu, JIA Ping-an, XIE Yuan-yuan, ZHOU Jian-xiong. Effect of Rice Straw Returning to Field on Ammonia Volatilization in Paddy Fields under the Integrated Rice-crayfish System[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(3): 360-368.

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