玉米生长条件下潮土N2O排放来源定量解析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0838

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 1449-1457.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0838

玉米生长条件下潮土N₂O排放来源定量解析

刘耀斌^1,2, 徐聪¹, 汪吉东^1,3, 王磊¹, 韩笑⁴, 纪程¹, 张永春^1,2

1. 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部江苏耕地保育科学观测站, 江苏南京 210014;
2. 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏南京 210095;
3. 江苏大学农业装备工程学院, 江苏镇江 212013;
4. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 江苏南京 210042

收稿日期:2020-10-19 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2021-11-18
通讯作者: 徐聪,E-mail:cxu@jaas.ac.cn;张永春,E-mail:yczhang66@sina.com E-mail:cxu@jaas.ac.cn;yczhang66@sina.com
作者简介:刘耀斌(1997-),男,山东潍坊人,主要研究方向为土壤氮循环和温室气体排放。E-mail:1246873627@njau.edu.cn
基金资助:
江苏省自然科学基金（BK20190258）；国家自然科学基金（41907069）；江苏省重点研发计划（BE2019378）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0800301-02）

Quantitative Analysis of the Sources of N₂O Emissions on Maize-cultivated Fluvo-aquic Soil

LIU Yao-bin^1,2, XU Cong¹, WANG Ji-dong^1,3, WANG Lei¹, HAN Xiao⁴, JI Cheng¹, ZHANG Yong-chun^1,2

1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Jiangsu), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China;
2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
3. School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
4. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China

Received:2020-10-19 Online:2021-11-25 Published:2021-11-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 明确土壤N₂O排放来源是阐明N₂O产生机制、估算氮肥排放系数的关键。为探究外源氮施用对土壤-作物系统N₂O排放的影响，以潮土为研究对象，以玉米为供试作物，设置未施氮肥未种植玉米（N0P0）、未施氮肥种植玉米（N0P1）、施氮肥未种植玉米（N1P0）、施氮肥种植玉米（N1P1）4个处理，采用¹⁵N示踪方法区分N₂O排放来源，定量解析N₂O排放规律。结果显示，与未施氮处理相比，外源氮施用显著增加土壤N₂O排放总量（P<0.05），土壤本底及氮肥对N₂O排放总量的贡献分别为22.5%和77.5%。种植玉米和未种植玉米处理外源氮施用后土壤本底N₂O排放均显著提高，增加比例为162%~460%（P<0.05）。施氮后增加的土壤本底N₂O排放量（以N计）为4.16~6.98 mg·m^-2，约占N₂O总排放的13.7%~18.1%。施氮处理土壤CO₂排放量显著高于未施氮处理（P<0.05），且CO₂排放量与施氮导致的土壤本底N₂O排放增加量呈显著线性正相关（P<0.01），说明施氮促进土壤本底N₂O排放与土壤有机质周转加快有关。双因素方差分析结果表明，施氮与种植玉米的交互作用对N₂O排放及其来源影响显著（P<0.01）。相比N1P0处理，N1P1处理N₂O总排放量显著降低55.0%（P<0.05），但施氮促进土壤本底N₂O排放比例增加。N1P0处理土壤无机氮（NO₃^-—N和NH₄⁺-N）总含量显著高于N1P1处理，而其中的NH₄⁺-N含量显著低于N1P1处理（P<0.05），表明玉米种植显著影响土壤氮素去向及转化过程。在土壤-作物系统中，外源氮施用除导致大量N₂O直接排放外，还会显著提升土壤本底N₂O排放量及排放比例，且作物生长对N₂O排放来源影响显著。在集约化种植的潮土区，除控制肥料源N₂O排放外，还应重视土壤本底N₂O排放风险。

关键词: 外源氮, 土壤-作物系统, 土壤本底, N₂O, ¹⁵N示踪

Abstract: Quantifying the sources of N₂O emissions is essential for clarifying the N₂O production mechanism and estimating the emission factor of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. Most published studies focused on the N₂O which emitted directly from N fertilizer, while there were only limited reports determined the patterns of native soil-derived N₂O emissions following N fertilization. In this study, a pot experiment was carried out to elucidate the impacts of the ¹⁵N fertilization and plant cropping (maize) on fertilizerand native soil-derived N₂O emissions in a fluvo-aquic soil. Four treatments, i. e., no N fertilization and no plant maize (N0P0), plant maize without N fertilization (N0P1), N fertilization without plant maize (N1P0), and N fertilization plus plant maize (N1P1), were established in the experiment. Results show that the total N₂O emissions were stimulated by N fertilization. The soiland fertilizer-derived N₂O emissions accounted for 22.5% and 77.5% of the total emissions, respectively. Compared with non-N-fertilized control, N fertilization significantly enhanced soil-derived N₂O emissions by 162%-460% (P<0.05), and this increased soil-derived N₂O emissions (4.16-6.98 mg N₂O-N·m^-2) contributed about 13.7%-18.1% to the total emissions. N fertilization also enhanced CO₂ fluxes, and a significant linear relationship between CO₂ emissions and the change of soil-derived N₂O emissions was observed (P<0.05), which suggests that the stimulated soil-derived N₂O emissions were highly related to the promoted soil organic matter turnover. The results of the two-way ANOVA indicate that the interactions between N fertilization and plant maize had a significant effect on the rates and sources of N₂O emissions (P<0.01). Compared with N1P0, N₂O emissions under N1P1 were significantly reduced by 55.0% (P<0.05); but the proportion of the stimulated native soil-derived N₂O emissions was higher under N1P1. The total inorganic N (NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N) content under N1P0 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that under N1P1 treatment, but contrary trends were found for NH₄⁺-N content, indicating that plant cropping significantly affected the fates and dynamics of soil N. In conclusion, in the soil-crop system, the exogenous N application stimulated not only the fertilizer-derived N₂O emissions but also the emissions from native soil and the participation of the plant has significant impacts on the source of N₂O emission. Our study highlights that, in intensively farmed fluvo-aquic soils, future N₂O mitigation strategies should pay more attention to the emission from native soil.

Key words: exogenous nitrogen application, soil-crop system, native soil, N₂O, ¹⁵N tracing

中图分类号:

S154.1

刘耀斌, 徐聪, 汪吉东, 王磊, 韩笑, 纪程, 张永春. 玉米生长条件下潮土N₂O排放来源定量解析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(11): 1449-1457.

LIU Yao-bin, XU Cong, WANG Ji-dong, WANG Lei, HAN Xiao, JI Cheng, ZHANG Yong-chun. Quantitative Analysis of the Sources of N₂O Emissions on Maize-cultivated Fluvo-aquic Soil[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(11): 1449-1457.

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玉米生长条件下潮土N₂O排放来源定量解析

Quantitative Analysis of the Sources of N₂O Emissions on Maize-cultivated Fluvo-aquic Soil

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