基于MaxEnt模型的陕西黄龙山原麝(Moschus moschiferus)潜在分布区研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究野生动物栖息地空间分布格局及其与环境因素的关系，对了解该物种适宜生境的空间分布以及生境需求有重要意义。开展珍稀物种原麝（Moschus moschiferus）的空间分布格局研究，可为其栖息地管理和保护提供科学依据。利用MaxEnt模型对陕西黄龙山原麝潜在生境及其主要影响因子进行定量分析，并确定原麝在该区域的潜在分布范围和关键影响因子及其阈值。结果表明，模型预测结果达到优秀水平，原麝潜在分布关键限制因子及其阈值为最干季平均温度<-3.6℃，到道路的距离>4 100 m，坡度>71.5°，降水量变化方差为81.5~85.0，最适为83.5，昼夜温差月均值<11.6℃，最适为9.5℃。原麝的适宜区主要分布在宜川县的东南部、黄龙县的东北部及与洛川交界处、韩城的西北部，中等适宜区主要分布在宜川县适宜区周边及县城的西南部、黄龙县适宜区周边及西北部和东部、洛川县的东北部、韩城的西北部适宜区周边。适宜区面积为677.75 km²，中等适宜区为2 797.75 km²。各县域适宜区面积从大到小依次为宜川、韩城、黄龙和洛川，中等适宜区为黄龙、宜川、洛川和韩城。建议加强原麝适宜区的重点保护以及中等适宜区的保护和管理，控制进山人员的数量并进行教育，减少对原麝的干扰和捕杀。同时，建议林业部门近期把宜川县的原麝适宜区调整到陕西黄龙山国家级自然保护区，远期在洛川、黄龙和宜川的交界处成立新的保护区。

关键词: 原麝, MaxEnt模型, 主要影响因子, 适宜区, 黄龙山

Abstract: Study on the spatial distribution of a species' habitat and relationship between its habitat and environmental factors is of great significance for understanding the suitable habitat distribution of a target species and its habitat demand. The study on habitat spatial pattern of Moschus moschiferus is helpful to provide scientific basis for its habitat management and conservation. The potential habitat distribution and main influencing factors were analyzed by using the MaxEnt model in the Huanglong Mountains of Shaanxi Province. The results of the analyses show an excellent prediction performance, with an area under curve of >0.9 for model training and validation. The dominate factors identified and their thresholds were mean temperature of the driest quarter (<-3.6℃), distance to road (>4 100 m), slope degree (>71.5°), precipitation seasonality (81.5~85.0, optimum 83.5) and mean diurnal ranger (<11.6℃ optimum 9.5℃). The suitable habitats areas cover a total area of 677.75 km² and are mainly distributed in southeast of Yichuan, northeast of Huanglong and its junction with Luochuan, and northwest of Hancheng, while the medium suitable habitat areas cover a total area of 2 797.75 km² and are mainly distributed around all the suitable habitat areas and also in southwest of Yichuan, northwest and east of Huanglong, and northeast of Luochuan. The suitable habitat area of each county or city was Yichuan > Hancheng > Huanglong > Luochuan, while the moderate suitable habitat area was Huanglong > Yichuan > Luochuan > Hancheng. The protection and management of suitable and moderate suitable habitat areas should be strengthened. The people entering the mountains should be controlled and educated, so as to reduce the interference and killing of Moschus moschiferus. Meanwhile, it is suggested that the forestry authority should adjust the suitable habitat area of Moschus moschiferus in Yichuan into the planning of Huanglongshan National Nature Reserve of Shaanxi Province in the near future, and a new reserve should be established at the junction of Luochuan, Huanglong and Yichuan in the long term.

Key words: Moschus moschiferus, MaxEnt model, dominate factors, suitable habitat areas, Huanglong Mountains

中图分类号:

X835
Q958.1

李宏群, 牛常会, 袁晓青, 霍安平, 尚伟, 刘江成, 韩培士, 张云朝, 简宁. 基于MaxEnt模型的陕西黄龙山原麝(Moschus moschiferus)潜在分布区研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(12): 1616-1622.

LI Hong-qun, NIU Chang-hui, YUAN Xiao-qing, HUO An-ping, SHANG Wei, LIU Jiang-cheng, HAN Pei-shi, ZHANG Yun-chao, JIAN Ning. Predicting the Potential Distribution Area of Moschus moschiferus Using the MaxEnt Model in the Huanglong Mountains, Shaanxi Provinc[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(12): 1616-1622.

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