西北典型生态脆弱区植被覆盖度时空变化及其生态安全评价:以宁夏贺兰山为例

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0461

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 599-608.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0461

西北典型生态脆弱区植被覆盖度时空变化及其生态安全评价:以宁夏贺兰山为例

林妍敏^1,2, 南雄雄³, 胡志瑞⁴, 李新庆⁵, 王芳^1,2

1. 宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院, 宁夏银川 750021;
2. 教育部中阿旱区特色资源开发与环境治理国际合作联合实验室, 宁夏银川 750021;
3. 种苗生物工程国家重点实验室, 宁夏银川 750001;
4. 宁夏国土资源调查监测院, 宁夏银川 750002;
5. 中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室, 宁夏银川 750002

收稿日期:2021-07-24 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-05-25
通讯作者: 王芳Email:fangwang0820@163.com E-mail:fangwang0820@163.com
作者简介:林妍敏(1996-),女,山东威海人,硕士,主要从事土壤环境与遥感研究。Email:linyanmin07@163.com
基金资助:
宁夏青年科技人才托举工程(TJGC2019003);宁夏重点研发计划项目(2020BFG03006);宁夏大学研究生创新项目(GIP2021016);国家自然科学基金(41761066,42067022)

Fractional Vegetation Cover Change and Its Evaluation of Ecological Security in the Typical Vulnerable Ecological Region of Northwest China:Helan Mountains in Ningxia

LIN Yan-min^1,2, NAN Xiong-xiong³, HU Zhi-rui⁴, LI Xin-qing⁵, WANG Fang^1,2

1. School of Geographical Science and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
2. China-Arab Joint International Research Laboratory for Featured Resources and Environmental Governance in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China;
3. The State Key Laboratory of Seedling Bioengineering, Yinchuan 750001, China;
4. Ningxia Land Resources Surveying and Monitoring Institute, Yinchuan 750002, China;
5. Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristics Agriculture in Arid Regions, China Meteorological Administration, Yinchuan 750002, China

Received:2021-07-24 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人类生存质量与生态环境密切相关,利用遥感技术可以快速、定量地评价生态环境变化,为区域生态环境治理、改善以及发展规划提供重要参考。以宁夏贺兰山为研究区域,基于1987-2020年5景Landsat 5/8遥感影像,采用植被覆盖度(FVC)和遥感生态指数(RSEI),探究其生态环境时空变化规律,分析2017年贺兰山生态保卫战实施后该区域植被状况和生态恢复效果。结果表明:(1)1987-2020年宁夏贺兰山生态环境得到持续改善,植被覆盖整体提高,年均FVC从保卫战实施前(1987年)的31.03%增长至保卫战实施后(2020年)的43.35%,RSEI指数由32.71%上升至50.45%,生态恢复治理效果显著。(2)研究区FVC和RSEI指数总体偏低,生态质量一般。研究区西部海拔较高地区和中南部旅游密集区FVC和RSEI指数明显退化,退化面积占比分别为12.11%和8.30%,其生态恢复治理仍需高度重视。(3) FVC与RSEI指数的空间分布和变化趋于一致,两者相关系数大于0.80,且绿度指标在主成分分析中所占权重最高,表明FVC指数增加对贺兰山生态环境产生积极影响。研究结果对于贺兰山生态脆弱区及类似保护区生态环境恢复治理评价具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 贺兰山, 植被覆盖度(FVC), 遥感生态指数(RSEI), 生态质量

Abstract: The well-being of the human race is closely related to the ecological environment. In the past few decades, indicators retrieved from remote sensing data have been increasingly more widely applied to ecological environment evaluation for their advantages of spatial visualization, and remote sensing technology offers important reference to regional ecological environment governance, improvement, and development planning by quickly assessing regional ecological environment quality. Based on Landsat 5/8 images from 1987, 2000, 2007, 2017 and 2020, vegetation coverage (FVC) and remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) were selected to explore the spatial-temporal changes of ecological environment in Helan Mountains, Ningxia, and to analyze the vegetation status and ecological restoration effect before and after the implementation of ecological protection action in Helan Mountains in 2017. The results show that:(1) In general, the vegetation coverage and ecological environment of Helan Mountains in Ningxia had been continuously improved during 1987-2020. The annual average FVC had increased from 31.03% (1987) before the ecological battle to 43.35% (2020) recently, and the RSEI had increased from 32.71% to 50.45%, indicating a significant effect of ecological restoration. (2) The FVC and RSEI were still at low level, and the overall ecological quality in the research area was in ordinary status. The FVC and RSEI of the higher altitude areas in the west and the tourist-intensive areas in the central and southern regions had been obviously degraded, with degradation rates of 12.11% and 8.30%, respectively. (3) The spatial distribution and variation trend of FVC was highly consistent with those of RSEI, and the correlation coefficients are all greater than 0.80. Greenness index has the highest weight in principal component analysis, indicating that the increase of FVC has a positive impact on the ecological environment of Helan Mountains in Ningxia. The results in the present study have important reference significance for the restoration and management of the ecological environment in the area of ecologically fragile area such as Helan Mountains and other similar protected areas.

Key words: Helan Mountains, fractional vegetation cover (FVC), remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), ecological quality

中图分类号:

林妍敏, 南雄雄, 胡志瑞, 李新庆, 王芳. 西北典型生态脆弱区植被覆盖度时空变化及其生态安全评价:以宁夏贺兰山为例[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(5): 599-608.

LIN Yan-min, NAN Xiong-xiong, HU Zhi-rui, LI Xin-qing, WANG Fang. Fractional Vegetation Cover Change and Its Evaluation of Ecological Security in the Typical Vulnerable Ecological Region of Northwest China:Helan Mountains in Ningxia[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(5): 599-608.

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西北典型生态脆弱区植被覆盖度时空变化及其生态安全评价:以宁夏贺兰山为例

Fractional Vegetation Cover Change and Its Evaluation of Ecological Security in the Typical Vulnerable Ecological Region of Northwest China:Helan Mountains in Ningxia

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