不同淋洗剂对砷污染土壤多级淋洗效果比较

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0311

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 化学淋洗是砷(As)污染土壤常用的修复方法之一,具有修复周期短和能够彻底去除污染物的优点。虽然各种淋洗剂对As污染土壤都具有一定淋洗效果,但单一淋洗往往无法满足重污染土壤的修复要求。为研究不同淋洗剂对As重污染土壤的多级淋洗修复效果,选用新型绿色螯合淋洗剂甲基甘氨酸二乙酸(MGDA)和常用的磷酸盐淋洗剂磷酸二氢钾(KH₂PO₄)作为供试淋洗剂,对w(As)达891 mg·kg^-1的重污染土壤进行室内3级单一淋洗和复合淋洗模拟试验(固液质量比为1∶3),分析不同淋洗剂对As的去除效果和淋洗前后As的化学形态变化。结果表明:0.12 mol·L^-1 MGDA多级淋洗对土壤As的去除率达到41.11%,As去除率明显优于0.6 mol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄的3级淋洗(28.60%)和0.12 mol L^-1 MGDA与0.6 mol L^-1 KH₂PO₄复合的3级淋洗(10.88%~24.79%);MGDA对铝型砷(Al-As)、钙型砷(Ca-As)和铁型砷(Fe-As)均有较好的去除效果,KH₂PO₄对Al-As和Fe-As有较好的去除效果;MGDA和KH₂PO₄复合淋洗剂淋洗As时有拮抗作用,不适合复合淋洗。

关键词: 砷, 土壤淋洗, 淋洗剂, 砷形态, 修复效果

Abstract: Arsenic(As) is one of the common pollutants in contaminated sites, and it has strong carcinogenicity. Chemical washing is one of the commonly used remediation technologies for arsenic-contaminated soil, which could remove pollutants from soil in a short time. Although various washing agents have certain elution effects on arsenic-contaminated soils, single washing is difficult to meet the remediation requirements of heavily polluted soils. In order to study the multi-stage washing and remediation effect of different washing agents on arsenic-contaminated soil, a new green chelating washing agent methylglycine diacetic acid (MGDA) and a commonly used phosphate washing agent potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄) were selected as the washing agents in this study. The indoor three-stage washing simulation experiment was carried out on the heavily arsenic polluted soil with a concentration of 891 mg·kg^-1 (solid-liquid ratio 1∶3). The As removal efficiencies of different washing agents and the changes chemical forms of As in the soil with or without washing agents were analyzed. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of As from soil by 0.12 mol·L^-1 MGDA reached up to 41.11%, which was significantly higher than that by 0.6 mol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄ (28.60%) and by the composite of 0.12 mol·L^-1MGDA and 0.6 mol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄ (10.88%-24.79%). MGDA has better removal efficiencies for aluminum-arsenic, calcium-arsenic and iron-arsenic; and KH₂PO₄ has better removal efficiencies for aluminum-arsenic and iron-arsenic. There were antagonistic effects between MGDA and KH₂PO₄ in the process of composite washing, and they are not suitable for composite washing.

Key words: arsenic, soil washing, washing agents, arsenic speciation, remediation effect

中图分类号:

王翀, 吴春发, 傅赵聪, 张宇, 刘东, 张锦路. 不同淋洗剂对砷污染土壤多级淋洗效果比较[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(10): 1308-1315.

WANG Chong, WU Chun-fa, FU Zhao-cong, ZHANG Yu, LIU Dong, ZHANG Jin-lu. Comparison of Multi-stage Washing Effects of Different Washing Agents on Arsenic-contaminated Soil[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(10): 1308-1315.

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