放牧强度约束下黄土高原生态系统服务时空变化特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2023.0317

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 明确放牧强度对生态系统服务的影响是实现可持续牧业管理的重要基础。北方农牧交错带横贯黄土高原,其生态恢复成效仍受到放牧干扰的影响。利用全球放牧牲畜密度数据和遥感植被指数,对封禁后黄土高原地区放牧强度进行量化;通过提取的约束线明确放牧强度对产水量、草料供给和土壤保持服务的制约作用;在此基础上探究2000-2020年不同放牧强度下生态系统服务权衡/协同关系的时空异质性。结果表明:(1)截至2020年,研究区以低度放牧和中度放牧为主,高度放牧面积占比仅为5.30%;(2)放牧强度对生态系统服务均呈显著负向约束关系,但在一定阈值范围内产水量随放牧强度的增加呈递增趋势;(3)2000-2020年,高度放牧区生态系统服务协同关系削弱程度最为剧烈,中度放牧区生态系统服务协同关系均有不同程度增加,其中,产水量与草料供给由权衡转为协同关系,但低度放牧区产水量与草料供给相关系数由0.29变为-0.14。退耕20年来,严格禁牧模式下生态系统功能的改善逐渐呈现边际效应递减趋势。综合考虑放牧牲畜类型及恢复生态系统的空间异质性是开展适度放牧并促进旱地生态恢复效果的必要前提。

关键词: 生态系统服务, 放牧强度, 约束线, 权衡分析, 时空特征, 黄土高原

Abstract: Clarifying the effects of grazing interference on ecosystem services is an important basis for the sustainable grazing managements. The northern farming-pastoral zone traverses the Loess Plateau, for which ecological restoration on this region still survives the impacts of grazing disturbance. In this paper, the grazing intensity across the Loess Plateau was estimated by using the global livestock density data and remote sensing vegetation index. Then, the constraint effects of grazing intensity on three ecosystem services namely water yield, forage provision and soil conservation in 2000 2010 and 2020 were examined by using the constraint line extraction method. On this basis, the spatial-temporal characteristics of trade-off and synergy of ecosystem services from 2000 to 2020 in the Loess Plateau under different grazing intensity were explored. The results show that: (1) the study area was dominated by the low-level grazing intensity and moderate-level grazing intensity by 2020. The area proportion of high-level grazing intensity only accounted for 5.30%. (2) Grazing intensity showed negative constraint effects on all three ecosystem services, which however, a higher grazing intensity indicated a larger amount of water yield within a certain threshold range. (3) From 2000 to 2020, the synergies among ecosystem services in the high-level grazing area were severely weakened. Under the moderate-level grazing intensity, the synergies among ecosystem services increased on different levels, and trade-off between water yield and forage provision in 2000 had been turned into synergic relationship in 2020. However, on the low-level grazing areas, synergic relationship between water yield and forage provision with correlation coefficient of 0.29 in 2000 had been turned into trade-offs in 2020, with correlation coefficient of -0.14. These results reveal that within the 20 years, the improvement of ecosystem function benefited from policy of grazing prohibition has show an effect of diminishing marginal. The consideration on types of grazing livestock combined with the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystems is a prerequisite for developing moderate grazing in arid regions for the improvement of ecosystem functioning in drylands.

Key words: ecosystem services, grazing intensity, constraint line method, trade-off analysis, spatial-temporal characteristics, the Loess Plateau

中图分类号:

李婷, 乔志宏, 冯玮含, 杨亚东. 放牧强度约束下黄土高原生态系统服务时空变化特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2024, 40(3): 313-324.

LI Ting, QIAO Zhi-hong, FENG Wei-han, YANG Ya-dong. Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Trade-off and Synergy of Ecosystem Services in the Loess Plateau under Constraint of Different Grazing Intensity[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2024, 40(3): 313-324.

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