基于宏基因组(metabarcoding)技术的橡胶种植对林下节肢动物多样性的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0444

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 地处热带边缘的西双版纳地区近几十年来土地利用方式发生巨变，热带森林逐渐被单一种植橡胶林所替代。探讨森林-橡胶林镶嵌格局对节肢动物群落组成和多样性的影响，分析节肢动物群落分布格局的驱动因素，以期为残存森林的保护提供相关科学数据。以西双版纳纳板河流域不同景观梯度下的片段森林和橡胶林为研究样地，采用马氏网诱集法，结合宏基因组（metabarcoding）技术调查林下节肢动物多样性和群落组成。结果表明：（1）基于metabarcoding技术，从橡胶林和片段森林林下马氏网中共得到397个可操纵的分类单元（OTUs），其中，片段森林中共收集到节肢动物18目347个OTUs；橡胶林收集到节肢动物14目136个OTUs。（2）片段森林中节肢动物物种多样性显著高于橡胶林；非度量多维尺度分析（NMDS）结果显示，橡胶林和片段森林中节肢动物群落组成具有显著差异，片段森林节肢动物群落beta多样性大于橡胶林。（3）在景观尺度上，影响节肢动物物种多样性和群落分布的主要因素为森林覆盖率；在样方尺度上，影响橡胶林节肢动物物种多样性的主要因素为胶树年龄和到森林边缘距离；影响森林节肢动物物种多样性的主要因素为片段森林面积、树种多样性、到森林边缘距离、坡向和海拔。森林覆盖率、树种多样性、橡胶林到森林边缘距离和胶树年龄等因素都与节肢动物多样性呈显著相关性，因此，在选择橡胶林种植区时需考虑森林覆盖率、树种多样性及橡胶林到森林边缘距离等因素，且森林覆盖率达50％以上显著有利于生物多样性保护。该研究结果可为森林和橡胶林的管理提供数据资料和科学依据。

关键词: 橡胶林, 森林, 节肢动物多样性, metabarcoding技术, beta多样性

Abstract: Xishuangbanna in the Southwest of China's Yunnan Province holds highest concentration of biodiversity, but in the recent decades the land use in the region has undergone tremendous changes. Tropical forests have been gradually replaced by rubber plantations. Here, the impact of forest-rubber mosaic patterns on the composition and diversity of arthropod communities was explored by analysing the key drivers of distribution pattern between different habitat types. The result of the study provides relevant insights to develop effective protection of the remaining forests in Xishuangbanna. The understory arthropod diversity and community composition between rubber plantations and forest fragments in Nabanhe National Nature Reserve in Xishuangbanna were compared using metabarcoding techniques. The relationship between arthropods and environmental factors was analyzed, and the key factors that influencing arthropod community structure in a rubber landscape matrix were discussed. The results of the study based on metabarcoding technique showed that a total of 397 OTUs were obtained from rubber plantations and forest, which belong to 18 orders in the forest, a total of 347 OTUs were collected, with 136 OTUs collected from rubber plantations. Between habitat types, compared to primary forests rubber plantations had a significant negative effect on arthropod richness. The results of nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS analysis) show that the composition of arthropod community in rubber plantations and forest fragments was significantly different showing that Beta diversity of forest fragments is higher than that of rubber plantations. Within the landscape scale, the main factors affecting the species diversity of arthropods were natural forest cover and slope. Whereas in the local scale, the main factors influencing the diversity of arthropods in rubber plantation were the age of the rubber trees, altitude and distance to the edge of the forest. In the forest, the main factors influencing the diversity of arthropods were forest area, altitude, aspect, tree diversity and distance to the edge of the forest. This study demonstrates that rubber plantation has a significant negative impact on forest ecosystems and arthropod diversity. In the mosaic landscape pattern, forest cover, tree diversity, the distance between rubber plantation and the edge of the forest played a significant role in arthropod diversity. It is significantly beneficial to biodiversity conservation when the forest coverage is over 50%. The present findings from this study can provide important management basis for the conservation of biodiversity in Xishuangbanna.

Key words: rubber plantation, forest, arthropods diversity, metabarcoding, beta diversity

中图分类号:

马占霞, 张玲, 甘建民, 武珊珊, 苏建美, 尚宇梅, 李鑫鑫. 基于宏基因组(metabarcoding)技术的橡胶种植对林下节肢动物多样性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(5): 603-610.

MA Zhan-xia, ZHANG Ling, GAN Jian-min, WU Shan-shan, SU Jian-mei, SHANG Yu-mei, LI Xin-xin. Study on the Effects of Rubber Plantation on the Understory Arthropods Diversity Based on Metabarcoding Method[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(5): 603-610.

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