帽儿山国家森林公园路域生态系统外来植物危害风险评估

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

路域生态系统是外来植物入侵的重要场所，对该生态系统中的外来植物危害风险进行评估具有重要意义。按Webb和Presten列出的确定本地种和外来种的9条标准，通过查阅资料和实地调查，获得帽儿山国家森林公园路域生态系统的外来植物名录；依据公路性质、行车量、路面宽度和路面铺设情况等将境内公路分成高、中、低3个干扰水平；应用层次分析法（AHP）构建风险评估指标体系，对该地区所有外来植物危害风险进行评估。结果表明：帽儿山国家森林公园路域生态系统共39种外来植物，相比低纬度路域生态系统，外来植物种类少，风险低；外来植物多为草本，来源美洲，在中国广布，具有重要用途，且菊科所占比例最高；高风险外来植物有月见草（Oenothera biennis）、鬼针草（Bidens bipinnata）、一年蓬（Erigeron annuus）、反枝苋（Amaranthus retroflexus）和欧洲千里光（Senecio vulgaris）5种；所有外来植物在高、中干扰水平公路风险得分高于低干扰水平公路；反枝苋、欧洲千里光和鬼针草在中干扰水平公路的风险得分显著高于高干扰水平公路。为保障帽儿山国家森林公园的生态安全，应尽量减少公园公路建设时对原有环境的破坏并重视公路建设后的生态恢复，同时加强对外来植物检疫和清除等方面的管理工作。

关键词: 风险评估, 帽儿山国家森林公园, 外来植物, 公路, 入侵

Abstract:

Roadside ecosystems are common places susceptible to alien plant invasion. It is, therefore, of important significance to conduct hazard risk assessment of alien plants in the ecosystem. A list of alien plants in the roadside ecosystem of the Maoershan National Forest Park was worked out based on data consultation, field surveys and the 9 criteria set by Webb and Presten for determination of native or alien plants. The roadside ecosystem was divided into three levels, high, moderate and low, in terms of disturbance in the light of nature of the road, volume of traffic, width of the road and pavement of the road. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was adopted to build a risk assessment index system, which was then used to assess hazard risks of all the alien plants in the list. Results show that there were a total of 39 species of alien plants detected in the roadside ecosystem of the national forest park. However, compared with roadside ecosystems in areas lower in latitude, the roadside ecosystem in the national forest park was lower in number of alien species and hazard risk. The alien plants are mostly herbs from America and now widely distributed in China because of their outstanding uses. Plants of compositae make up the biggest proportion. Among the alien plants in the ecosystem, there are five species high in risk, i. e. Oenothera biennis, Bidens bipinnata, Erigeron annuus, Amaranthus retroflexus and Senecio vulgaris. In the zones, high and moderate in disturbance level, of the roadside ecosystem, the alien plants were rated higher in risk than those in the zone low in disturbance level. A. retroflexus, S. vulgaris, B. bipinnata were rated higher in risk in the zone moderate in disturbance level than in the zone high in disturbance level. To ensure ecological safety of the national forest park, it is essential to mitigate as much as possible the damage to the original environment caused by road construction in the park and pay high attention to post-construction ecological rehabilitation and at the same time to intensify the enforcement of quarantine and removal of alien plants.

Key words: risk assessment, Maoershan National Forest Park, alien plant, road, invasion

中图分类号:

易照勤, 王洪峰, 穆立蔷. 帽儿山国家森林公园路域生态系统外来植物危害风险评估[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(3): 216-223.

YI Zhao-qin, WANG Hong-feng, MU Li-qiang. Hazard Risk Assessment of Alien Plants in Roadside Ecosystem in Maoershan National Forest Park[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(3): 216-223.

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