黄河下游2种自然湿地脱氮效能及其影响因素研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0437

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究季节性因素和不同类型自然湿地对硝酸盐去除效率的影响，2019-2020年通过构建一级水动力学模型，分季节评估鹊山水库人工强化湿地和生态促进湿地2种湿地的脱氮效能和影响因素。结果表明：（1）从全年估计，人工强化湿地硝酸盐面积去除速率常数（k）为（0.285±0.170） m·d^-1，高于生态促进湿地〔（0.144±0.143）〕 m·d^-1。（2）非汛期黄河水硝酸盐浓度〔（3.86±0.61） mg·L^-1〕较汛期〔（2.52±0.66） mg·L^-1）〕显著升高。汛期2种湿地k均显著高于非汛期（P<0.01）。（3）非汛期温度（T）和溶解氧（DO）浓度显著影响自然湿地的性能（P<0.05），但在汛期只有溶解氧促进了硝酸盐去除（P<0.05）。人工强化湿地采用分区交替混合种植的设计，具有较高的植物种群密度和多样性，可以提高脱氮效能。黄河下游硝酸盐浓度和湿地效能具有较强的季节性，汛期的脱氮效能较高。在4×10⁵ m³·d^-1的引水量下，2种湿地作为缓冲区可以持续有效地去除硝酸盐。

关键词: 黄河, 自然湿地, 硝酸盐, 季节, 人工强化自然湿地, 生态促进自然湿地

Abstract: For understanding the influence of different seasons and different types of natural wetlands on the efficiency of denitrification and the influencing factors,a first-order hydrodynamic model was constructed and an evaluation was made seasonally during 2019-2020 on the denitrification efficiency of two types of wetlands (i.e., artificially-enhanced natural wetland and ecologically-enhanced natural wetland) in Queshan reservoir. The results show tha: The denitrification rate constant (k) of the artificially-enhanced natural wetland [(0.285±0.170) m·d^-1] was higher than that of the ecologically-enhanced natural wetland [(0.144±0.143) m·d^-1] throughout the year. The concentration of nitrate in the Yellow River in non-flood season [(3.86±0.61) mg·L^-1] was significantly higher than that in flood season [(2.52±0.66) mg·L^-1]. For both of the two types of wetlands, the denitrification rate constant k in flood season was significantly higher than that in non-flood season (P <0.01). In non-flood season, temperature and dissolved oxygen also had significant impact on the performance of natural wetlands (P<0.05). However, in flood season, only dissolved oxygen contributed to the denitrification (P<0.05). As revealed in the results, by adopting alternatively mixed planting design in zones, the diversity and density of vegetation in artificially-enhanced natural wetland were increased, leading to higher denitrification efficiency. In the downstream of Yellow River, the concentration of nitrate and the denitrification efficiency of wetland have strong seasonal characteristics and the denitrification efficiency in flood season is relatively high. When the water diversion amount is 4×10⁵ m³·d^-1, the two types of wetlands can serve as buffer zones to support continuous and effective denitrification.

Key words: Yellow River, natural wetland, nitrate, season, artificially-enhanced natural wetland, ecologically-enhanced natural wetland

中图分类号:

X524

徐超, 郑瑞文, 武斌. 黄河下游2种自然湿地脱氮效能及其影响因素研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(2): 259-265.

XU Chao, ZHENG Rui-wen, WU Bin. The Denitrification Efficiency of Two Types of Natural Wetlands in the Downstream of Yellow River and the Influencing Factors[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(2): 259-265.

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