周丛生物腐解驱动水稻土溶解性有机质、铁、磷转化及耦合

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0992

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 周丛生物在稻田土-水界面上广泛存在,可通过多种途径影响土壤养分转化,但其生物质的腐烂分解对土壤中溶解性有机质(DOM)、铁和磷耦合关系的影响尚不清楚。通过开展微宇宙实验向水稻土中添加不同量的周丛生物,利用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法(FT-ICR MS)表征DOM分子组成,分析周丛生物腐解对水稻土DOM组分、Fe²⁺含量、氧化铁活化度(Fe_o/Fe_d)、不同形态磷含量的影响。结果表明,周丛生物的腐解显著提高土壤DOM含量,改变DOM不同组分占比,其中,单宁类物质相对丰度增加1.97%~9.74%。同时,土壤Fe²⁺含量显著增加,Fe_o/Fe_d升高,土壤还原性增强。此外,土壤无机磷含量增加,其中,磷酸铁盐(Fe-P)变化幅度最大,土壤磷的有效性增加。周丛生物腐解改变土壤DOM组分和铁形态,而DOM中单宁类物质等惰性组分可以通过影响矿物对磷的吸附来影响磷的有效性。主成分分析(PCA)结果表明,添加周丛生物腐解处理与对照之间DOM含量、单宁类物质相对丰度、磷酸铝盐(Al-P)含量、Fe²⁺含量和Fe_o/Fe_d等指标存在显著差异。相关性结果表明,Fe²⁺含量与Fe-P含量、Fe_o/Fe_d与Al-P含量之间呈显著正相关,且单宁类物质相对丰度与Fe_o/Fe_d和Al-P之间呈显著正相关,土壤DOM组分、铁形态及磷形态之间相互影响,其中,单宁类DOM增加和铁形态的转化都对土壤磷有效性增加有积极影响。上述结果揭示周丛生物腐解对土壤DOM、铁、磷耦合关系的影响,为利用周丛生物调控土壤碳、铁、磷耦合过程,提高土壤中磷的有效性提供理论支撑。

关键词: DOM组分, 铁还原, 磷有效性, 傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法(FT-ICR MS)

Abstract: Periphytic biofilms are ubiquitous at the soil-water interface in paddy fields with great impact on soil nutrient transformation through various pathways. However, the effects of phototrophic biofilm biomass decomposition on the coupling of dissolved organic matter (DOM), Fe, and phosphorus in paddy soil remains unclear. In this study, a microcosm experiment was carried out by adding different amounts of periphytic biofilms to paddy soil; and the effects of phototrophic biofilm biomass decomposition on paddy soil DOM components, Fe²⁺ content, activity of iron oxide (Fe_o/Fe_d), and phosphorus fractions were investigated. Fourier-transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to elucidate the molecular characteristics of DOM. The results show that the decomposition of periphytic biofilms increased DOM content and changed the proportion of different DOM components, of which the relative abundance of tannin-like compounds increased by 1.97%-9.74%. Also, we observed a significant increase in soil Fe²⁺ content and Fe_o/Fe_d ratio as well as enhanced soil reducibility. The content of inorganic phosphorus and especially the Fe-bound P in soil increased, which translated to increased P availability. Phototrophic biofilm biomass decomposition changed soil DOM components and Fe forms, while recalcitrant tannin-like components affected the bioavailability of P by reducing its adsorption to minerals. Principal component analysis (PCA) show that there were great differences in DOC content, the relative abundance of tannin-like compounds, Al-bound P content, Fe²⁺ content, and Fe_o/Fe_d ratio between the phototrophic biofilm decomposition treatments and the control. The correlation results show that there were significantly positive correlations between Fe²⁺ content and Fe-bound P content, Fe_o/Fe_d ratio, and Al-bound P content, and the relative abundance of tannin-like compounds was positively correlated with Fe_o/Fe_d and Al-bound P content. In a word, soil DOM components, Fe forms, and P forms interacted with each other, and both the increase of tannin-like DOM and the transformation of Fe forms had positive effects on the increase in P bioavailability. The results have revealed the effects of periphytic biofilm biomass decomposition on the coupling of DOM, Fe, and P in paddy soil. It also provides theoretical support for the future use of periphytic biofilm to regulate the coupling process of carbon, Fe, and P, and to improve the bioavailability of P in paddy soil.

Key words: dissolved organic matter component, Fe reduction, phosphorus bioavailability, FT-ICR MS

中图分类号:

S154.1

吴丽蓉, 宫丽娜, 刘俊琢, 吴永红. 周丛生物腐解驱动水稻土溶解性有机质、铁、磷转化及耦合[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(9): 1205-1212.

WU Li-rong, GONG Li-na, LIU Jun-zhuo, WU Yong-hong. Changes and Coupling of DOM, Fe, and Phosphorus Fractions in Paddy Soil Driven by the Decomposition of Periphytic Biofilm Biomass[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(9): 1205-1212.

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