九龙江流域丰枯水期表层水体氮污染特征及其来源解析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2023.0111

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 478-489.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2023.0111

九龙江流域丰枯水期表层水体氮污染特征及其来源解析

董浩^1,2, 余居华^1,2, 张银龙¹, 王利民², 郑祥洲², 钟继承³, 王煌平², 丁洪², 张玉树², 郑恭毅²

1. 南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210037;
2. 福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所/福建省植物营养与肥料重点实验室, 福建福州 350013;
3. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 江苏南京 210008

收稿日期:2023-02-21 出版日期:2024-04-25 发布日期:2024-04-25
通讯作者: 余居华,E-mail:juhuayu1984@gmail.com;张银龙,E-mail:ecoenv@163.com E-mail:juhuayu1984@gmail.com;ecoenv@163.com
作者简介:董浩(1998-),男,河北承德人,主要研究方向为环境地球化学。E-mail:thisdonghao@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51709183);中国博士后科学基金(2017M611862);福建省科技计划项目(2020R1025001);福建省农业科学院科研项目(YC2019007,ZYTS2019016,ZYTS202218);福建省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(CXTD2021012-2);福建省农业科学院对外合作项目(DEC2019-05,DWHZ-2022-11)

Characterization of Nitrogen Pollution in Surface Water during Wet and Dry Seasons and Its Sources Apportionment in Jiulong River Watershed, China

DONG Hao^1,2, YU Ju-hua^1,2, ZHANG Yin-long¹, WANG Li-min², ZHENG Xiang-zhou², ZHONG Ji-cheng³, WANG Huang-ping², DING Hong², ZHANG Yu-shu², ZHENG Gong-yi²

1. Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
2. Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer/Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 310013, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

Received:2023-02-21 Online:2024-04-25 Published:2024-04-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明九龙江流域表层水体氮污染分布特征及其污染来源,于2020年7月(丰水期)和2021年1月(枯水期)开展九龙江全流域表层水体多点多断面原位观测,利用正定矩阵因子分析模型(positive matrix factorization,PMF)对不同水期全流域表层水体氮污染来源及贡献率进行解析,耦合相关性统计分析方法研究不同水期流域表层水体氮污染的关键驱动因子。结果表明,九龙江流域表层水体氮污染存在明显的水期分异特征,ρ(TN)为0.72~13.14 mg·L^-1,丰水期ρ(TN)为1.39~10.95 mg·L^-1,枯水期为0.72~13.14 mg·L^-1。硝态氮(NO₃^--N)、氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)、亚硝态氮(NO₂^--N)和溶解性有机氮(DON)浓度均表现为丰水期大于枯水期,但颗粒态氮(PN)浓度则表现为枯水期大于丰水期。丰水期氮污染以NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N和DON形态为主,枯水期则以NO₃^--N、DON和PN形态为主。应用PMF模型对流域表层水体氮污染来源进行解析,结果表明,丰水期流域农业化肥施用引起的农业面源污染、生活污水及河流内动植物残体、微生物、矿物颗粒是流域水体氮污染的主要来源,而枯水期流域农业化肥污染、城市工业污水排放及河流中动植物残体等悬浮颗粒则是流域水体氮污染的主要来源。该结果强化了丰枯水期九龙江流域表层水体氮污染受流域农业生产活动和径流变化共同影响的认识,建议将流域农业、工业生产氮污染源头控制和氮污染的水期分异有效纳入流域水体氮污染综合管理。

关键词: 氮, 源解析, 污染负荷, 九龙江流域

Abstract: Nitrogen pollution is one of the most serious water environmental problems in watershed water pollution control. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the characteristics and sources of nitrogen pollution in typical agricultural watersheds in southeast China under the multiple impacts of human activities and climate change. To explore the nitrogen pollution pattern and pollution source of surface water in Jiulong River Watershed, this study carried out multi-point and multi-section in situ observation of surface water in the whole watershed during wet (July) and dry (January) periods of Jiulong River Watershed. Positive Matrix Factorization was used to analyze the sources and contribution rates of nitrogen pollution of surface water under different water seasons. Coupling correlation statistical analysis method was used to clear the key factors of nitrogen pollution of surface water under different water seasons. The results show that the characteristics of nitrogen pollution of surface water in Jiulong River Watershed had obvious water season differentiation. The concentration of TN ranged from 0.72-13.14 mg·L^-1, which was 1.39-10.95 mg·L^-1 in wet season and 0.72-13.14 mg·L^-1 in dry season. NO₃^--N, NH₄⁺-N, NO₂^--N and DON concentrations were higher in wet season than those in dry season, but PN concentration was higher in dry season than that in wet season. NO₃^--N, NH₄⁺-N and DON were the main forms of nitrogen pollution in wet season, and NO₃^--N, DON and PN were the main forms of nitrogen pollution in dry season. PMF model analysis of nitrogen pollution sources in surface water show that agricultural non-point source pollution, domestic sewage, biological residue, microorganisms and mineral particles in the river were the main sources of nitrogen pollution in the watershed during wet season, while agricultural fertilizer pollution, urban industrial sewage discharge and suspended micro-particle of biological residue in the river during the dry season were the main sources of nitrogen pollution in the watershed water. The results of the study can strengthen the understanding that nitrogen pollution of surface water in Jiulong River Watershed is affected by agricultural production activities and runoff changes. The study has also put forward the idea that the source control of nitrogen pollution from agricultural and industrial production and the water season differentiation of nitrogen pollution can be effectively brought into the comprehensive management of nitrogen pollution in Jiulong River Watershed.

Key words: nitrogen, source apportionment, pollution load, Jiulong River Watershed

中图分类号:

董浩, 余居华, 张银龙, 王利民, 郑祥洲, 钟继承, 王煌平, 丁洪, 张玉树, 郑恭毅. 九龙江流域丰枯水期表层水体氮污染特征及其来源解析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2024, 40(4): 478-489.

DONG Hao, YU Ju-hua, ZHANG Yin-long, WANG Li-min, ZHENG Xiang-zhou, ZHONG Ji-cheng, WANG Huang-ping, DING Hong, ZHANG Yu-shu, ZHENG Gong-yi. Characterization of Nitrogen Pollution in Surface Water during Wet and Dry Seasons and Its Sources Apportionment in Jiulong River Watershed, China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2024, 40(4): 478-489.

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九龙江流域丰枯水期表层水体氮污染特征及其来源解析

Characterization of Nitrogen Pollution in Surface Water during Wet and Dry Seasons and Its Sources Apportionment in Jiulong River Watershed, China

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