氮肥减量配施铁粉对稻麦轮作农田活性氮损失的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0552

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 1629-1636.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0552

氮肥减量配施铁粉对稻麦轮作农田活性氮损失的影响

龙亚欧¹, 邱子健¹, 胡明成¹, 赵李佳¹, 李天玲¹, 高南², 妹尾啓史³, 申卫收¹

1. 南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院/江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210044;
2. 南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院/国家生化工程技术研究中心, 江苏南京 211816;
3. 日本东京大学大学院农学生命科学研究科应用生命化学专攻, 日本东京 113-8657

收稿日期:2022-05-31 出版日期:2023-12-25 发布日期:2023-12-27
通讯作者: 申卫收,E-mail:wsshen@nuist.edu.cn E-mail:wsshen@nuist.edu.cn
作者简介:龙亚欧(1997-),男,湖南常德人,从事稻田温室气体的减排研究。E-mail:410169283@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42377311, 41771291);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目〔CX(21)3183〕

Effects of Reduction in Nitrogen Fertilizer in Combination with Iron Powder on Reactive Nitrogen Loss in Rice-wheat Rotation Farmland

LONG Ya-ou¹, QIU Zi-jian¹, HU Ming-cheng¹, ZHAO Li-jia¹, LI Tian-ling¹, GAO Nan², SENOO Keishi³, SHEN Wei-shou¹

1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control in Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing 210044, China;
2. School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology/National Research Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, Nanjing 211816, China;
3. Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan

Received:2022-05-31 Online:2023-12-25 Published:2023-12-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 稻麦轮作农田是氨挥发、氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放和硝酸盐淋溶的重要来源。虽然减少氮肥用量能降低氮环境负效应,但会带来作物减产的风险。施用铁粉可刺激水稻田土壤铁还原细菌生长,增强其固氮活性。研究设置传统施氮量100%N、传统施氮量80%N、传统施氮量80%N+Fe、传统施氮量60%N、传统施氮量60%N+Fe、不施氮0%N、不施氮0%N+Fe共7个处理,通过田间原位试验研究氮肥减施和配施铁粉对作物产量、氨挥发、N₂O排放和硝酸盐淋溶的影响。结果表明,2021年麦季80%N+Fe处理的小麦产量较80%N处理提高了9.70%,水稻产量与传统施氮量处理相当,减氮20%配施铁粉具有稳产、增产的效果。水稻田氨挥发随着氮肥用量减少而明显降低(P＜0.05);80%N+Fe处理与传统施氮量相比则进一步降低了累积氨挥发量与氨挥发强度(P＜0.05),降幅分别为50.99%和47.41%。2021年麦季80%N+Fe处理的N₂O排放量较80%N处理显著降低78.16%(P＜0.05),稻季与传统施氮量相比降低18.27%。同时,80%N+Fe处理也降低了土壤深层渗滤液硝态氮淋溶。因此,在传统氮肥用量基础上减氮20%配施Fe能起到作物稳产的效果,这可能是因为施加Fe增强了水稻田铁还原细菌固氮活性。农田氨挥发、N₂O排放和硝态氮淋溶减少主要是氮肥减施所致,相应的土壤微生物机理值得进一步探索。

关键词: 生物固氮, 铁还原细菌, 氨挥发, N₂O排放, 硝酸盐淋溶

Abstract: Rice-wheat rotation cropland is an important source of ammonia volatilization, nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and nitrate leaching in China's Yangtze River Base. Although reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the adverse environmental consequences brought on by irrational nitrogen fertilization, it may result in the risk of crop yield reduction. Application of iron powder can stimulate the growth of iron-reducing bacteria in flooded paddy soil and enhance their nitrogen-fixing activity. In this study, the conventional nitrogen fertilization rate (100%N), 80% of the conventional nitrogen fertilization rate (80%N), 80%N in combination with iron powder (80%N + Fe), 60% of the conventional nitrogen fertilization rate (60%N), 60%N in combination with iron powder (60%N + Fe), no nitrogen application (0%N), 0%N in combination with iron powder (0%N + Fe), yielding a total of 7 treatments. Each treatment has four replicates (plots). The effects of reduction in nitrogen fertilizer in combination with iron powder on crop yields, ammonia volatilization, N₂O emission and mineral nitrogen leaching were investigated by in situ field experiments. The results show that the wheat yield was increased by 9.7% in 80%N + Fe treatment compared with 80%N in 2021. The rice yields were comparative between 80%N + Fe treatment and the conventional nitrogen fertilization rate. The 80%N + Fe treatment could ensure both wheat and rice yields relative to the conventional N fertilization rate. Ammonia volatilization in paddy fields decreased significantly with the reduction in nitrogen fertilization rate (P<0.05); 80%N + Fe treatment further decreased the cumulative ammonia volatilization amount and ammonia volatilization intensity by 50.99% and 47.41%, respectively (P<0.05). The cumulative N₂O emission in the 80%N + Fe treatment decreased by 78.16% in the wheat season of 2021 compared with the 80%N treatment (P<0.05). It decreased by 18.27% compared with the conventional nitrogen fertilization rate in the rice season. Meanwhile, 80%N + Fe treatment decreased the leaching of nitrate nitrogen in deep soil leachate. Therefore, 80%N in combination iron powder could maintain stable crop yields while reducing the nitrogen losses in the rice-wheat rotation cropland, probably because iron powder enhances the nitrogen-fixing activity of iron-reducing bacteria in flooded paddy fields. The 20% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer input mainly resulted in lower nitrogen losses including volatilization, N₂O emissions and nitrate leaching. Yet the corresponding soil microbial mechanism deserves further exploration.

Key words: biological N fixation, iron-reducing bacteria, ammonia volatilization, N₂O emission, nitrate leaching

中图分类号:

龙亚欧, 邱子健, 胡明成, 赵李佳, 李天玲, 高南, 妹尾啓史, 申卫收. 氮肥减量配施铁粉对稻麦轮作农田活性氮损失的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(12): 1629-1636.

LONG Ya-ou, QIU Zi-jian, HU Ming-cheng, ZHAO Li-jia, LI Tian-ling, GAO Nan, SENOO Keishi, SHEN Wei-shou. Effects of Reduction in Nitrogen Fertilizer in Combination with Iron Powder on Reactive Nitrogen Loss in Rice-wheat Rotation Farmland[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(12): 1629-1636.

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氮肥减量配施铁粉对稻麦轮作农田活性氮损失的影响

Effects of Reduction in Nitrogen Fertilizer in Combination with Iron Powder on Reactive Nitrogen Loss in Rice-wheat Rotation Farmland

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