密云水库岸边带不同高程土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征及其对水体的生态风险

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0560

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 受南水北调及季节性降雨影响,密云水库水位逐年抬升并形成周期性涨落,导致岸边带土壤生态环境发生变化,影响土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的储存与释放。为探究其对水体环境的潜在风险,研究采集了高程130~150 m之间的岸边带表层土壤及沉积物,采用GC-MS气相色谱和质谱联用仪,分析了16种优控PAHs的含量水平及组成特征,并对其不同高程分布特征、来源及潜在生态风险进行了研究。结果表明:(1)水库岸边带表层土壤及沉积物中普遍存在16种PAHs,PAHs总含量水平(∑₁₆PAHs)为66.74~481.34 ng·g^-1,污染水平较库区沉积物低。(2)与库区沉积物中PAHs组成相似,水库岸边带土壤及沉积物中PAHs主要以中低环为主,萘、菲、蒽、芘为优势化合物;源解析表明,库区岸边带土壤及沉积物中PAHs的主要来源为当地生物质(农田残渣、草木)燃烧,与人类活动有密切联系。其中白河入库处表现出混合源的特征,来源与石油排放污染有关。(3)130~140、>140~145、>145~150 m的3个高程范围内∑₁₆PAHs分别为177.06、223.86和212.63 ng·g^-1,且低环PAHs为主要组成组分。(4)生态风险评估表明,水库岸边带土壤大部分样点产生负面生态效益的可能性较低,仅有白河入库淹没区、库北淹没带及库东区具有潜在生态风险。

关键词: 水库岸边带, 多环芳烃, 污染特征, 源解析, 生态风险

Abstract: Affected by the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and seasonal rainfall, the water level of Miyun Reservoir rose year by year and formed periodic water fluctuations on the riparian area, which could change the ecological environment and affect the storage and release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil. In order to explore its potential risks to the water environment, the surface soil and sediment samples of the riparian area were collected with an elevation between 130 and 150 m. GC-MS (gas chromatography and mass spectrometry) were used for analyzing the content level and composition characteristics of 16 PAHs for priority control, and their distribution characteristics under different elevations, sources and their potential ecological risks were studied. The results show that:(1) 16 PAHs are commonly found in the surface soil and sediment of the riparian area. The contents of ∑₁₆PAHs range from 66.74 to 481.34 ng·g^-1, and the pollution level is lower than that of the sediments in the reservoir. (2) Similar to the composition of PAHs in the sediments, the PAHs in the soil and sediment on the riparian area of the reservoir are mainly low-middle-rings. Naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene are dominant compounds. Source apportionment shows that the main source of PAHs is the burning of local biomass (farmland residues or vegetation), which is closely related to human activities. The Baihe storage area shows the characteristics of a mixed source, and the source of PAHs is related to the pollution of petroleum discharge. (3) The contents of PAHs in 3 different elevation of 130-140, >140-145, >145-150 m are 177.06, 223.86 and 212.63 ng·g^-1, respectively, and the low-ring PAHs are the main component. (5) The ecological risk assessment shows that most of the soil samples are less likely to produce negative ecological benefits. Only the riparian area of Baihe, the northern flooded area and the eastern area of the reservoir have potential ecological risks.

Key words: riparian areas of the reservoir, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), contamination characteristics, source apportionment, ecological risk of soil

中图分类号:

刘伊, 姜璇, 王霞, 张青琢, 赵高峰, 王晓燕. 密云水库岸边带不同高程土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征及其对水体的生态风险[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(2): 190-196.

LIU Yi, JIANG Xuan, WANG Xia, ZHANG Qing-zhuo, ZHAO Gao-feng, WANG Xiao-yan. Contamination Characteristics and Water Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Soil from Riparian Area of Miyun Reservoir[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(2): 190-196.

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