大气CO2浓度缓增、骤增和不同施氮水平对稻田CH4排放的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2023.0423

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究大气CO₂浓度缓增、骤增和不同施氮水平对稻田CH₄排放的影响,基于CO₂浓度自动调控平台开展水稻试验,以"南粳9108"为试验品种,采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定CH₄通量。在背景大气CO₂浓度(CK)的基础上,设置CO₂浓度缓增(C₁处理,从2016年开始逐年增加40 μmol·mol^-1,至2018年增加120 μmol·mol^-1)和骤增(C₂处理,CO₂浓度每年均增加200 μmol·mol^-1)处理;在常规施氮量(N₁处理,25 g·m^-2)的基础上设置氮肥减施处理(N₂处理,15 g·m^-2)。结果表明,CO₂浓度缓增、骤增和不同施氮量均没有改变稻田CH₄通量的季节变化规律,总体上呈现先增加后减小的趋势。在整个生育期,CO₂浓度缓增、骤增对稻田单位产量CH₄排放量无显著影响。在C₂条件下,与N₁处理相比,N₂处理水稻产量显著降低45.2%(P=0.037),同时稻田单位产量CH₄排放量显著增加63.3%(P=0.008)。综上所述,随着CO₂浓度升高,氮肥减施至15 g·m^-2会减少水稻产量,同时增加稻田单位产量CH₄排放。

关键词: 水稻, CO₂浓度, 氮肥, CH₄排放

Abstract: To explore the effects of gradually and abruptly elevated CO₂ concentration and different nitrogen application levels on CH₄ emissions in paddy field, a field rice (cv. Nanjing 9108) experiment was conducted based on the automatic CO₂ concentration control platform, and CH₄ flux was measured by static chamber-gas chromatography method. The experiment was designed as: the control (CK, ambient atmospheric CO₂ concentration), a gradually elevated atmospheric CO₂ (C₁, an increase of 40 μmol·mol^-1 per year within 2016-2018), and an abruptly elevated atmospheric CO₂ (C₂, an increase of 200 μmol·mol^-1 directly). Meanwhile, a nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment (N₂, 15 g·m^-2) was set up in addition to the conventional nitrogen application amount (N₁, 25 g·m^-2). The results show that the seasonal variation of CH₄ fluxes was not significantly changed under different CO₂ concentrations and nitrogen treatments, and CH₄ fluxes showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. During the whole growth period of rice, C₁ and C₂ treatments had no significant effects on CH₄ emission per unit yield. Under C₂ condition, compared with N₁ treatment, N₂ treatment significantly reduced rice yield by 45.2% (P=0.037), and significantly increased CH₄ emission per unit yield by 63.3% (P=0.008). Overall, under the elevated CO₂ concentration, nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment (15 g·m^-2) reduced rice yield and simultaneously increased CH₄ emission per unit yield.

Key words: rice, CO₂ concentration, nitrogen fertilizer, CH₄ emission

中图分类号:

武熳秋, 商东耀, 帅斯樑, 曹琰梅, 柯浩楠, 胡正华, 李琪. 大气CO₂浓度缓增、骤增和不同施氮水平对稻田CH₄排放的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2024, 40(2): 205-212.

WU Man-qiu, SHANG Dong-yao, SHUAI Si-liang, CAO Yan-mei, KE Hao-nan, HU Zheng-hua, LI Qi. Effects of Gradually and Abruptly Elevated CO₂ Concentration and Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on CH₄ Emission in Paddy Field[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2024, 40(2): 205-212.

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大气CO₂浓度缓增、骤增和不同施氮水平对稻田CH₄排放的影响

Effects of Gradually and Abruptly Elevated CO₂ Concentration and Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on CH₄ Emission in Paddy Field

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