农药旱地作物-地表水风险评估暴露场景研究进展

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.04.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农药风险评估暴露场景是某个区域与农业生产和农药使用密切相关的各种条件的综合，是风险评估中运用模型进行暴露评估时必不可少的。欧盟和美国在暴露场景构建方面开展了大量工作，积累了丰富经验，我国近年来也逐步开展了农药暴露场景构建工作。对欧盟和美国在农药旱地作物-地表水暴露场景体系构建方面的进展进行总结，包括场景构建的原则、方法、过程以及已形成的场景体系。同时，对我国农药暴露场景建立工作进展情况进行分析，旨在为我国农药旱地作物-地表水风险评估暴露场景的构建提供科学参考。

关键词: 农药, 风险评估, 暴露场景, 旱地作物-地表水

Abstract:

Exposure scenario for risk assessment of pesticides is an integration of a region with all conditions closely related to agricultural production and pesticide utilization in the area and an indispensable means of using exposure assessment models in pesticide risk assessment. A lot of works on exposure scenario construction have been done in EU and US with a rich accumulation of experience. In recent years, China has also unfolded gradually its work on construction of exposure scenarios. A review is presented summarizing progresses EU and US have made in development of construction of upland-crop-surface-water pesticide exposure scenario systems, including the principles, methods and processes of scenario construction and scenario systems already set up. The progress on the development of exposure scenario in China has been analyzed, in an attempt to provide some scientific reference for the development of an upland crop-surface water pesticide exposure scenario system in China.

Key words: pesticide, risk assessment, exposure scenario, upland crop-surface water

中图分类号:

廖建华, 周军英, 程燕, 陈洋. 农药旱地作物-地表水风险评估暴露场景研究进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(4): 289-296.

LIAO Jian-hua, ZHOU Jun-ying, CHENG Yan, CHEN Yang. Progress on Development of Upland Crop-Surface Water Exposure Scenarios for Pesticide Risk Assessment[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(4): 289-296.

参考文献

[1] 卜元卿,孔源,智勇,等.化学农药对环境的污染及其防控对策建议[J].中国农业科技导报,2014(2):19-25. [BU Yuan-qing,KONG Yuan,ZHI Yong,et al.Pollution of Chemical Pesticides on Environment and Suggestion for Prevention and Control Countermeasures[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2014(2):19-25.]
[2] 刘彬,李爱民,张强,等.有机氯农药在湖北省菜地土壤中的污染研究[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(3):87-91. [LIU Bin,LI Ai-min,ZHANG Qiang,et al.Study on the Pollution of OCPs in Vegetable Soils From Hubei[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(3):87-91.]
[3] 迭庆杞,聂志强,黄启飞,等.珠江三角洲土壤中有机氯农药的分布特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(2):298-304. [DIE Qing-qi,NIE Zhi-qiang,HUANG Qi-fei,et al.Organochlorine Pesticides(OCPs) in Soils of Pearl River Delta,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(2):298-304.]
[4] 郭强,田慧,毛潇萱,等.珠江河口水域有机磷农药水生生态系统风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(3):1029-1034. [GUO Qiang,TIAN Hui,MAO Xiao-xuan,et al.Ecological Risk Assessment of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Aquatic Ecosystems of Pearl River Estuary[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(3):1029-1034.]
[5] 顾宝根,程燕,周军英,等.美国农药生态风险评价技术[J].农药学学报,2009,11(3):283-290. [GU Bao-gen,CHENG Yan,ZHOU Jun-ying,et al.Review on USA Pesticide Ecological Risk Assessment Techniques[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2009,11(3):283-290.]
[6] 薛南冬,徐晓白,刘秀芬.北京官厅水库中农药类内分泌干扰物分布和来源[J].环境科学,2006,27(10):2081-2086. [XUE Nan-dong,XU Xiao-bai,LIU Xiu-fen.Distribution and Sources of Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides in Beijing Guanting Reservoir[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(10):2081-2086.]
[7] 陈家玮,刘晨,杨忠芳,等.北京郊区地表水中有机氯农药残留水平及特征[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):242-247. [CHEN Jia-wei,LIU Chen,YANG Zhong-fang,et al.Residues and Characteristics of Organochlorine Pesticides in Surface Water in the Suburb of Beijing[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(5):242-247.]
[8] 何光好.我国农药污染的现状与对策[J].现代农业科技,2005,23(6):57. [HE Guang-hao.China's Pesticide Pollution and Countermeasures[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2005,23(6):57.]
[9] 冯玉洁.主要甘蔗田除草剂对广西蔗区环境水体的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2013. [FENG Yu-jie.Effects of Herbicides on the Environmental Water System in the Sugarcane Fields in Guangxi[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2013.]
[10] 王未,黄从建,张满成,等.我国区域性水体农药污染现状研究分析[J].环境保护科学,2013,39(5):5-9. [WANG Wei,HUANG Chong-jian,ZHANG Man-cheng,et al.Study on Status of Regional Water Pollution by Pesticides in China[J].Environmental Protection Science,2013,39(5):5-9.]
[11] 宋宁慧,卜元卿,单正军.农药对地表水污染状况研究概述[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(增刊1):49-57. [SONG Ning-hui,BU Yuan-qing,SHAN Zheng-jun.A Review of Studies on Pesticide Pollution in Surface Water[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2010,26(Suppl. 1):49-57.]
[12] PAPADAKIS E N,TSABOULA A,KOTOPOULOU A,et al.Pesticides in the Surface Waters of Lake Vistonis Basin,Greece:Occurrence and Environmental Risk Assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,536(3):793-802.
[13] DE GERÓNIMO E,APARICIO V C,BÁRBARO S,et al.Presence of Pesticides in Surface Water From Four Sub-Basins in Argentina[J].Chemosphere,2014,107:423-431.
[14] 杨丽敏.我国农药登记制度中的环境风险评价之探究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2012. [YANG Li-min.Research on Environmental Risk Assessment System in the Pesticide Registration System[D].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University,2012.]
[15] 周军英,程燕.农药生态风险评价研究进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(4):95-99. [ZHOU Jun-ying,CHENG Yan.Advancement in the Study of Pesticides Ecological Risk Assessment[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2009,25(4):95-99.]
[16] USEPA.Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment[Z].Washington DC,USA:USEPA,1998.
[17] FOCUS.FOCUS Surface Water Scenarios in the EU Evaluation Process Under 91/414/EEC[R].Report of the FOCUS Working Group on Surface Water Scenarios,EC Document Reference SANCO/4802/2001-rev.2.2001:245.
[18] FOCUS.About STEPS_ONE_TWO:General Information[EB/OL].(2003)[2015-06-08].http://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/projects/stepsonetwo.
[19] FOCUS.MACRO_in_FOCUS User Manual[EB/OL].(2003)[2015-06-08].http://focus.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sw/docs/FOCUS_SWS_APPENDIX_J.doc.
[20] FOCUS.About PRZM_SW:General Information[EB/OL].(2003)[2015-06-08].http://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/projects/przmsw.
[21] FOCUS.TOXSWA_in_FOCUS User Manual[EB/OL].(2003)[2015-06-08].http://focus.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sw/docs/FOCUS_SWS_APPENDIX_L.doc.
[22] 单正军,陈祖义.农药环境污染影响与污染控制技术[J].农药科学与管理,2007,28(12):13-20. [SHAN Zheng-jun,CHEN Zu-yi.Pesticide Pollution to Environment and the Control Techniques[J].Pesticide Science and Administration,2007,28(12):13-20.]
[23] 周军英,单正军,石利利,等.农药生态风险评价与风险管理技术[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012. [ZHOU Jun-ying,SHAN Zheng-jun,SHI Li-li,et al.Pesticide Ecological Risk Assessment and Risk Management Techniques[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2012.]
[24] USEPA.GENEEC User's Manual:Introduction to GENEEC Version 2.0[EB/OL].(2001)[2016-04-08].https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/geneec2-user-manual.
[25] USEPA.Surface Water Concentration Calculator User Manual[EB/OL].(2014)[2016-04-08].http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P100JISL.txt.
[26] USEPA.Pesticide in Water Calculator User Manual for Versions 1.50 and 1.52[EB/OL].(2016)[2016-04-08].https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-05/documents/pwc_user_manual_v1_50and1_52.pdf.
[27] USEPA.User Manual for EXPRESS,the "EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell"[EB/OL].(2007)[2016-04-08].https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/Express.pdf.
[28] 计算机软件著作权登记证书.环境保护部南京环境科学研究所农药风险评价暴露模拟外壳软件(简称PRAESS)V 1.0[CP].软著登字第0219566号.环境保护部南京环境科学研究所. [Computer Software Copyright Registration Certificate.Pesticide Risk Assessment Exposure Simulation Shell,PRAESS[CP].Computer Software Copyright Registration No.0219566.Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Environmental Protection.]
[29] 赵亮,周军英,程燕,等.国内外农药生态风险评价暴露模拟外壳述评[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(1):10-18. [ZHAO Liang,ZHOU Jun-ying,CHENG Yan,et al.Review of Exposure Simulation Shells for Pesticide Ecological Risk Assessment[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2012,28(1):10-18.]
[30] 中国农业部农药检定所.TOP-RICE模型操作手册[M].北京:中国农业部农药检定所,2014:1-2. [Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals,Ministry of Agriculture.TOP-RICE User Manual[M].Beijing:Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals,Ministry of Agriculture,2014:1-2.]
[31] HORST M M S T,WIPFLER E L,ADRIAANSE P I,et al.Chinese Scenarios for Groundwater Leaching and Aquatice Exposure:Development of Scenarios for Environmental Risk Assessment Procedures of Pesticides in China[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry,2014,93(9):3688-3694.
[32] 林绿,覃志豪,李文娟.我国农药地下水环境风险评估场景体系的建立[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(11):2194-2203. [LIN Lü,QIN Zhi-hao,LI Wen-juan.Development of a GIS-Based Scenario Analysis System for Pesticide Groundwater Risk Assessment in China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(11):2194-2203.]
[33] FOCUS.About SWASH:General Information[EB/OL].(2003)[2015-06-08].http://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/projects/swash.